.A 

a.,W ■' ,■> ■ The 

Farmers' Catalogue 

of 

Implements and Machinery 

and of 

^ Garden Tools 

With a brief description of the best 

Fertilizers. 



27iis is ntcide up of papes selected from our lurffe Illnslrated Oalntor/ne, nhich con- 
iaiHS a fit/i aescription of nearly all our stock. Trice of the Inrf/e Cntalof/ue. .5'/. 

We issue Specirtl Lists of Seeds and Tlnnfs, 

Til order!/, f/ l/y mrtil from this Cataloffue, please sptcifr particularly that the ref- 
erence ii made to the Farmers' Catalof/ne and mention its date. 



/ 
R. H. Allen & Co. 

Nos. 189 and 191 Water Street, New- York 
April, 7808. 

Price, . . Twenty-five Cents. 



Knter«rt, HTurding tf Ai-t o Qn 



The 



f 



ARMERS' L/ATALOGUE 



of 



xH.0ricuItutral ctrtb ,-Woritculiurctl 



Implements and Machinery 



and of 



Garden Tools. 

With a brief description of the best 

Fertilizers. 




R, H. Allen & Co. 

' 189 and 191 Water Street 

New- York. 



FEETILIZERS. 

The following Fertilizers we recommend as reliable in their composition, 
and in every respect valuable manures. 
Among them we place, first, 

E. F. Coe's SuPERPnosPHATE OF Lime. 
An experience of many years in the sale of this Superphosphate, as 
well as our personal knowledge of its effect upon general crops, enables 
us to recommend it in preference to any other fertilizer in our market. 
The following analysis is by Professor Johnson : 

Moisture expelled at boiling heat, 12.18 

Sand and insoluble substances 2.14 

Combined water, organic and volatile matters, 3.5.10 

Yielding ammonia, 2.T(> 

Lime, 18.U 

Phosphoric acid, soluble, 9.-43 

" " insoluble, 1.G5 

Sulphuric acid, 19.87 

Oxide of iron, n)agnesia, and loss, 89 

It is manufactured, under our own supervision, from raw bones, or bone 
black from the sugar refiners, (which last is pure bone,) with a consider- 
able percentage of ammonia added. The'se are dissolved (reduced to their 
primitive elements) by adding sulphuric acid, which is itself a fertilizer. 

The only difference between pure bone and the superphosphate (in ad- 
dition to the artificial increase of ammonia) consists in its thorough decom- 
position, in which condition it is readily dissolved in the soil, and can thus 
be instantaneously taken up by the rootlets of plants. For an immediate 
effect it is obvious that it is decidedly preferable to Ground Bone or even 
the Flour of Bone; but, in consequence of its more readily yielding its 
fertilizing properties to the growing crops, its influence in the soil is not 
so enduring. 

It is applied precisely like Peruvian Guano, though it may be used in 
larger measure without injury to the seed or plants. 

It is shipped in barrels of about two hundred and fifty pounds each. 

Gkound Bone. 

This has been fully proved one of the best top-dressings for grass lands 
that can be used, as the constant removal of this crop exhausts the phos- 
phates from the soil rapidly, and bones abound, beyond any other fertilizer, 
in the materials necessary to supply this exhaustion. To so great an ex- 
tent have the phosphates been abstracted from some pasture lands by long 
continued cropping, that the first application of bones more than doubles 
the crop, and the grass thus grown is much more valuable for the cattle, as 
it contains a larger proportion of bone-forming and milk-forming materials. 

Animals feeding in a pasture where a portion of it has been dressed 
with bone, will soon resort to it, and remain there till the herbage is 
cropped close to the groinid. 

All crops are benefited l)y it, where the soil is not already supplied 



09 "S^ 



with the phosphates, but those most which are most nutritious for man 
and beast. The following analysis is by Professor G. A. Liebig, who is 
well known as one of our most eminent agricultural chemists. 

Inorganic incombustible matter, 60.61 

Containing of bone phosphate of lime, 86.63 

Organic nitrogenous matter,. , S2.44 

Yielding of ammonia, 4.54: 

Water, 6.95 

This represents a pure article of commercial bone dust. 
Baltimore, Md., 30th Jan., 1865. G. A. LIEBIG. 

From ten to twenty bushels per acre is the usual dressing, though more 
for a first application is better, as it requires several seasons to fully de- 
compose it, and the effect of a large application is felt for many years. 

It should be sown broadcast on grass land, and harrowed in with the 
seed, or deposited with the seed in hills or drills when grain or roots are 
planted. 

It is shipped in tight barrels, containing from two hundred to two hun- 
dred and fifty pounds each. 

Flour of Bone. 

This is a new form of bone fertilizer, recently put upon our market, and 
wherever bones are applied, and an immediate effect upon the crops de- 
sired, this will be found a verj^ satisfactory manure. 

Two grades of this are made : the Floated, which is reduced to powder, 
and No. 1, somewhat coarser, though finer than the ordinary ground bone. 
Of both these, the quantity to be applied is much less than of the latter 
article, but the effect is of course less permanent The Flour of Bone is 
guaranteed to be pure and unburned bone, with about five per cent of 
salt to prevent decomposition in the barrel. 

The following analysis is by Dr. Hayes, the distinguished State Assayer 
of Massachusetts : 

Moisture, 5.10 

Dry animal matter, 34.50 

Carbonate of lime, 14.10 

Bone and phosphate of lime, 41.70 

Phosphates, magnesia and iron, 4.20 

Sand and fibres, 0.40 

The animal matter here given is perfectly dry, and represents 5 93-00 
of dry ammonia, as resulting from its decomposition in the soil. 
It is sliipped in barrels containing about three hundred pounds. 

Peruvian Guano. 

This is probably the most concentrated, and by many is still considered 
the most valuable manure offered to the American farmer. This is owing 
to the fact that it is derived principally fi'om the excrements of birds sub- 
sisting entirely on fish, which yield even richer deposits than those of our 



6 

gallinaceous fowls, which, as every farmer knows, are the strongest of our 
animal manures. The other original constituents of Peruvian Guano are 
the unconsumed remains of fish and birds that have perished, and whose 
remains and excrements have, by slow decay in an intensely dry climate, 
where no rain ever falls, thrown off most of their moisture and carbon- 
aceous matters, which are of minor importance as manure, and left only 
the highly concentrated salts, every one of which is essential to vegetable 
growth. This will appear from the analysis given by Dr. Ure, whoso 
statements are of the highest authority, as follows : 

Organic matter, containing nitrogen, including urate of am- 
monia, and capable of affording from eight to seventeen per 
cent of ammonia, by slow change in the soil, 50 

Water, 11, phosphate of lime, 25,. 36 

Ammonia, phosphate of magnesia, phosphate of ammonia, and 
oxalate of ammonia, containing from four to nine per cent 
of ammonia, 13 

Silicious matter from the crops of birds, , 1 

The ammonia, as shown above, is the principal ingredient of fertility, 
but this is largely aided by the phosphates and other alkaline salts con- 
tained in it, which last, however, can be obtained at much cheaper rates in 
bones, and in properly made super-phosphates of lime. The ammonia is a 
stimulant which gives instant and powerful effect to the germinating seed 
and young plants, producing the rich, healthy green which, under favorable 
circumstances of warmth and moisture, always characterizes vegetation in 
soils that have received an application of Peruvian Guano. But such soils 
must always contain a much larger proportion of other salts than is found 
in guano, or by its constant use they will soon become exhausted. For 
these we must look for other and cheaper sources of supply, or a very few 
seasons will show a diminished crop. The phosphate of lime to be found 
in bones ; the sulphate of lime to be found in plaster of Paris ; carbonate 
of lime in oyster-shell or other quick-limes ; potash in wood ashes and 
decaying vegetable matter, rich turfs, etc. ; and carbonaceous matter fur- 
nished also from the last sources, peat, clover, and other crops turned 
under, etc. ; soda from common salt, seaweed, kelp, and the waste derived 
from these articles, where the soda of commerce is manufactured ; and 
lastly, the ordinary manures of the farm-yards, all furnish materials which 
are required by successive crops* beyond what is furnished by Peruvian 
Guano. 

Application. — Reduce the lumps to powder, by grinding or pounding, 
then sow in drills or broadcast, at the rate of one hundred and fifty to 
three hundred pounds per acre, and cover lightly with the harrow or other 
implement, planting the seed directly over it. Dissolved with one hun- 
dred or more times its weight of water, and sprinkled around the roots of 
plants, especially just before a rain, so that the salts can be washed around 
the rootlets, the effect is almost instantaneous and highly beneficial. 

For grass land, sow broadcast just before a rain. The best effects are 
more fully secured by first mixing with plaster of Paris, rich loam, etc. 



OAST-IROK PLOWS. 



Nearly all plows in this catalogue are made from our own patterns, by 
machinery especially adapted to the purpose. All the sizes of the same 
number are therefore precisely alike, and if any part be broken a dupli- 
cate can easily be obtained, and the repairs made on the farm without 
expense. 

In shipment to distant ports it is recommended that all the larger plows 
be taken apart and packed. 

For numbers and style of fitting up all plows, consult the general price- 
list. 




Fig. 2. — Patent Cylinder Plow. 

This plow derives its name from the form of the mould-board, which is 
a segment of a perfect cylinder, with its ends cut in the style of ordinary 
mould-boards. Its lines are thus always horizontal to the surface of the 
land, and consequently it turns the furrow-slice with the same uniformity 
as a wheel on its axle, and with the least possible friction. The friction 
is still further reduced by the peculiar arrangement of the share and land 
side, which, combined with its other improvements, reduces the draught 
from one fourth to one third less than that required by the best class of 
plows now in general use. 

For lightness of draught, simplicity of construction, ease of holding, 
and certainty of turning all soils of any required depth and width, it far 
surpasses any other plow. 

All the sizes are capable of turning either flat or lap furrows, of any re- 
quired lap, by using shares suited to various widths, all of which can 
be supplied; and every furrow may be left concave on the under, and 
convex on the upper side, which gives the lightest and most friable con- 
dition to the soil, admitting of easy and thorough pulverization by a light 
harrow or cultivator. 




Fig. 3. — Eagle Plow No. 20. 

The above cut represents a series of plows ranging from the No. IS, a 
light one-horse stirring plow, to No. 22, a heavy breaking plow for three 
horses. They are in general use in the Northern States, as well as a 
favorite pattern in some parts of the South and of Foreign countries. 

Fig. 17, page 17, shows the smallest plow of this series made of steel, 
but is a good representation also of the iron plow. 




Fig. 4.— Eagle Plow No. 36. 



In this new pattern of plow of our own invention we combine advan- 
tages hitherto only found in several different kinds. 

It can be set so as to turn up the soil shallow or deep, as may be de- 
sired, and is so shaped as to bury grass, weeds, and trash of all kinds 
beneath the turning furrow as it moves through the ground. 

The series contains seven numbers, of about the same sizes as the style 
represented by Fig. 3 above. 

They are all made with high or low standards, as niay be required. 



10 




Fig. 5. — Plow No. 19, with Onk Handle. 

We give a cut of this plow, made with one handle, as it is frequently so 
ordered by our friends in some sections of the United States, in Spanish 
America, and especiallj'" on the West Coast of South-America. It differs 
only in the handles from the plow shown at Fig. 3. 




Fig. G. — SwAKD D Plow. 

A strong four-horse plow, w-ith a wrought lock-coulter. To this plow is 
affixed, when required, a sharp, steel-edged .share or point, cutting very 
wide, and a reversed or drag cutter for the purpose of more completely 
turning over the surface of wet meadows, when drained by ditching. 

A crane or dial clevis, with draught rod, is attached to the end of the 
beam, which enables the off ox or horse to keep clear of the miry open 
furrow, so very fatiguing to him, and tread on the unbroken ground, thus 
making it comparatively eas}^ work for the team, and obviating the great 
objection to breaking up wet meadows or swampy ground. When the 
fixtures for meadow plowing arc removed, and tlie original point or share 
is replaced, the plow is again adapted to the rugged upland soils, thus 
answering the double purpose of an upland and meadow plow. 



13 




Fifi. 11. — Ikon Bkam Plow. 

This is one of a series of two-horse plows, with the beain of iron cast 
in one piece with the standard. 

The shortness of the beam brings the team nearer to the work, thus 
lessening the draught, and giving the plowman better control of his imple- 
ment. The great space between the point and the beam prevents clogging 
in overgrown stubble or sod lands. 

The front plow shown in the cut can be raised or lowered or removed 
entirely, as is the case with the Cylinder plow. 




Fig. 12. — Sub-soil Plow. 

All sizes of these are constructed on the principle of the Scotch Sub- 
soil Plow. 

They are used by following directly after the plow which turns up the 
surface-soil, and in the same furrow. This is of great advantage to the 
crops, both in dry and wet land. In the former, the sub-soil being 
deeply broken up and well pulverized, the moisture is retained much 
longer than it otherwise would be, and the roots of plants can descend 
much lower and wider for their food ; while in the latter, the excess of 
moisture filters below and is readily carried off. They, however, require 
that the earth below them be sufficiently porous to admit of the escape of 
an excess of moisture, or their beneficial use is not felt till the land is 
well drained. 

We recommend the use of the draught-rod on all sizes of the sub-soil 
plows, as we consider it almost indispensable in enabling the off animal 
to walk on the solid ground, and the plow to work easily in the surface- 
soil furrow. 



14 




Fig. 13. — Side-Hill or Swivel Plow. 

A series of several sizes, from a light one-horse to a heavy four-horse 
plow. They are so constructed that the mould-board can be instantly 
changed from one side to the other, which enables the operator to perform 
the work horizontally upon side-hills, going back and forth on the same 
side, and turning all the furrows-slices with great accuracy downward. 
They are much liked at the South ; for by this system of turning and 
laying the soil, it is prevented from being washed into those deep gullies 
so destructive to the general face of the country. 

They are employed by many for level plowing, as this leaves the field 
without any centre, dead or finishing furrow ; nor does it make banks or 
ridges by turning two furrows towards each other. With a wheel and 
cutter, the medium sizes are frequently used for turning over mowing land 
for the purpose of re-seeding in the autumn, as with the cutter they lay 
the furrow-slice flat, with great uniformity, avoiding the centre and bank 
furrows, and leaving the land, without any intermediate crop, of the same 
general level as before plowing. When thus used, they save much labor 
by allowing the team to turn short about at the ends of the furrows, in- 
stead of obliging it to travel across the wide ends of each land in the field. 

They are useful also for plowing down the banks of ditches, as they 
carefully turn the furrows from the ditch by carrying the earth upon the 
level ground. 



RicE-TRENcniNG Plow. 



This is made from a pattern furnished by an eminent Southern planter. 
In trenching a field for the rice-crop it will do the work of many hands 
with hoes, and will be found a great labor-saving implement for this pur- 
pose. It is an excellent implement also for opening drills for corn or 
cotton, and for various root-crops. 



15 




Fig. 14. — Ridging ok Double-Mould Plow. 

A plow well known and in very general use over all parts of the United 
States, and frequently ordered from Foreign countries. 

For opening drills to plant potatoes, corn, etc., for ditching, and for 
plowing out between narrow rows, it is admirably adapted. In this last 
work it throws the earth both ways to the rows, and does the duty of two 
single mould-board plows. 

It is serviceable also in digging potatoes, when the crop is not sufficiently 
large to justify the use of a regular potato digger. 

The larger sizes are frequently used on small sugar estates, in furrow- 
ing for the planting of cane. 

The upper section of the cut shows the form of the mould-board. 




Fio. 15. — Cabbage Plow. 

This is used for the cultivation of cabbages and similar crops, and is a 
very convenient and useful implement for stirring the soil between the 
rows. 

The mould-board being shortened, as shown in the cut, allows the plow 



16 

to run close to the plant, and under the spreading leaves, without injuring 
or throwing the earth over them. 

We make this plow of two patterns, No. 2 M and No. i'J. Both of tli»se 
are in all respects like the breaking plows of the same numbers, except in 
the modification of the mould-board. 



SOUTHERTvT PLOWS. 




Fig. 1G.— Plow No. A 6. 

The above title will best indicate a number of patterns of cheap cast- 
iron plows used for stirring, and in some places for breaking up the light 
soils of the South. 

They are made without any extra finish, but of very good material, 
while the castings are of the best iron, and being cheap, yet strong and 
efficient, are very largely used on the light soils of the Southern States. 

A special list will be furnished of the different styles, but the Fig. 16 
above shows their general character, and Figs. 17, 18 and 19, among the 
Steel plows, represent others. 



20 



Steel Cylinder Plow. 



The Cylinder plow described on page 8 is made, in the three smaller 
sizes, of steel as well as of cast iron. 

Though this style is comparatively new, it is as rapidly growing into 
favor among users of steel plows as the cast iron style has done among 
iarmers in general. 




^.-'-^t^ktic 



Fig. 24.— Plow No. X 1. 



This is a small pattern of the X series, and worked by a single horse. 
It cuts from four to six inches deep, and from nine to ten inches wide. 




Fig. 25.— Plow No. X 4^. 

This is one of the same series as the above, fitted with the circular or 
wheel cutter, as shown in the cut, or with the Peacock cutter, which is 
represented as attached to the U G 3^ plow. Fig. 28. 

Without these, which can be easily detached, the plow is suitable for 
old ground work. 

It is a light two or three-horse plow, turning the ground from five to 
eight inches deep and from twelve to fourteen inches wide. 



28 



HAEROWS. 




This is a double Harrow, 
as shown in the cut, but, 
by disconnecting the two 
parts, either may be used 
singly. 

There is onl)'' one size, 
containing thirty-two 
teeth ; these are made, 
however, of different sizes 
of iron, and designated as 
No. 1 and No. 2. 

This Harrow, though 

wide is light, and particu- 

I larly intended for seeding, 

Fig. b7. — Scotch Hakkow. or for light lands. No. 1 

weighs one hundred and thirty-five pounds ; No. 2, one hundred and fifty 

pounds. 

This is generally con- 
sidered the best of the 
double harrows. The two 
side frames, in all the sizes, 
are joined together by 
hinges, so that the harrow 
works over the surface 
of uneven land uniform- 
ly, is very conveniently 
managed in the field, and, 
when folded, is easily 
transported about the 
farm. The teeth are made 
of the best iron, and the 
upper end of each is form- 
ed to fit a mortice made 
tapering from the lower 
to the upper side of the 
timber, with a screw upon 
the upper end of the tooth. 
They are fastened by nuts, 
screwed close down upon 




Fig. 38. 



-Geddes Folding Harrow. 
■ron washers, which prevent all liability of the teeth to become loose and 
drop out. Their position in the framework is such that each one operates 
distinctly from the others, and the number of impressions made on the 
soil will be equal to the number of teeth, and at equal distances. 

The weights range from eighty-five pounds for the smallest to two hun- 
dred and thirty-five for the largest size. 



29 




Fig. 39. — Common Square Hakrow. 

This is the simplest and cheapest form of harrow on our list. It is made 
of three sizes, with fifteen, nineteen and twenty-three teeth respectively. 
These are tapering in shape, so that when loosened by weather or rough 
usage they can be driven tight again. 

The teeth bars, being riveted at their ends, can not split. 



Tjipkoved Hinge Harrow. 

This harrow may bo 
folded, or separated in- 
to two parts for the 
convenience of trans- 
portation or other pur- 
pose. Either half may 
be lifted while the im- 
{ilcment is in motion, 
and the easy and inde- 
pendent play of the 
parts up and down up- 
on the hinges enables 
the instrument to adapt 
itself to the surface of 
the ground in all places, 
so that whetlier going 
through hollows, or 
over knolls and ridges 
it is always at work and 
/ •■ / / / everj' tooth has a hold 

Fig. 40. upon the soil. The 

teeth stand equidistant and wide apart, so that while from their number 
and arrangement the ground is worked fine they are not liable to clog. 
This harrow is made heavy to fit it for rough land and the pulverizing 
of sod furrows. It can be drawn cither end forward, and when the teeth 
become dull by working in one direction the team may be hitched to the 
other end, and they become sharp again. 




no 




Fig. 41. — Sizek's Cotton Harrow. 
A very effective implement for destroying weeds and loosening the soil 
l)ct\veen the rows of cotton. The teeth are strong and so shaped as to 
prevent their clogging or loading with earth. When taken apart and 
packed for shipment this Harrow measures three cubic feet. 




Fig. 41a. Siiare.s' Patent Coulter Harrow. 

The advantages of this Harrow lie principally in the construction of the 
teeth or coulters, which are broad, thin blades of cast iron, inclining for- 
ward so as to prevent their clogging with roots, grass, stones, etc., as well 
as to cut the sods and force an easy entrance into anj^ kind of soil. The 
mould-board is attached to, and forms the lower or back end of the coulter, 
the lower edge of which is continued a short distance below the covering 
portion of the tooth and forms the point. This serves to elevate the 
teeth over stumps, stones and other impediments, and also gives them du- 
rability. In preparing land which ordinarily needs plowing several times 
for root crops or grain, by the use of this Harrow it is only necessary to 
plow once, and it will, by its lifting, pulverizing process, prepare and finish 
the ground more thoroughly and satisfactorily than can be done with the 
usual styles of harrows, and in less time. 

This Harrow is six feet in width when expanded, but when closed for 
transportation is less than two feet. It is seven feet long and weighs one 
hundred and fifty-five pounds. • 



31 



EOLLERS. 




Fig. 42. — Garden Roller. 

Since the Hand Roller was first introduced it has been greatly improved 
in style and variety of forms. It is now made of several sizes, with from 
one to three sections. 

By the addition of weights along the shaft, as shown in the cut, greater 
weight is obtained, while they are so adjusted that when not in use the 
handle is thrown up from the ground and kept clean and out of the way. 

The cut is faulty in not showing this feature. It seems hardly necessary 
to add that it is drawn on a larger scale than the Field Roller and Clod 
Crusher, the sections being never of greater diameter than twenty-seven 
inches, and usually of twenty inches only. 




Fig. 43. — Field Roller. 

These are important implements, and are now in general use. They 
crush all sods and lumps that remain on the top of the ground after the 
harrow has passed, and force down small stones level with the surface. 
They render the field smooth for the cradle, scythe, and rake, press the 
earth close about the seed and secure a more sure and quick germination. 

On light and sandy lands they are invaluable, and in all cases their use 
has greatly increased the product. Much benefit is undoubtedly found in 



32 

compressing the surface of such light soils, by preventing the escape of 
those gases from the manure so essential to vegetation, and which are so 
rapidly extracted by the sun and winds. 

Great advantage is gained by rolling early in the spring while the 
ground is yet soft. Clay lands, by heaving, pull to pieces and displace the 
roots of grain and grasses sown the previous autumn, and the heavy roller 
presses the roots and earth together to their proper position, when vegeta- 
tion goes on again, and thus, in a measure, prevents what is termed winter 
killing. 

Fig. 43 represents the most approved kind, constructed wholly of iron 
except the tongue and box which are of wood. These rollers are made of 
various diameters from twenty to thirty-six inches, in separate sections, 
each one foot long, placed on a wrought-iron shaft independently of each 
other, thus turning without much friction and leaving the ground smooth. 
They are generally used with from three to six sections. If four only are 
required, thills or shafts may be substituted for the tongue and the roller 
drawn by one horse, or both may be used akernately according to the team. 

The box is attached to receive stones, etc., picked up on the field, and 
for giving weight to the roller according to the work required. 

Extra sizes, with four or five sections of fifteen inches face and five feet 
diameter have been made for use on roads, and found very efficient for this 
purpose. Each section in these rollers weighs nine hundred pounds. 

To save the cost of transportation to any great distance the iron sec- 
tions and standards are furnished to order, either with or without the 
wrought-iron shaft, the wood parts being furnished and attached by any 
wheel-wright or carpenter in the district where the roller may go. 




Fig. 44. — Clod Crusher. 

This is made from our own patterns, as modified from the original 
English model, and is strongly recommended to our farmers and planters 
for heavy clay soils, and for seeding grain or grass lands. 

It is made, like the field rollers, in sections, kept apart by washers on the 
main shaft. It is toothed both upon the face and sides, and thoroughly 
pulverizes the soil and compacts the surface earth. 

Many are now being used upon the sugar estates of Cuba, and are in- 
creasing in favor with intelligent agriculturists everywhere. 



33 



OULTIYATORS. 




Fig. 45. — Harrington's Cultivator. 



A recently invented imple- 
ment, which, as an easily man- 
aged Hand Cultivator, is grow- 
ing rapidly into public favor for 
gardens and other light work. 

By removal of the irons 
and substitution of others it 
is changed into a good Seed 
Sower, as represented by Fig. 
57, on page 39, 




•Fig. 46. — Hand Cultivator. 
This Cultivator is made entirely of cast iron, except the handle, and ex- 
pands from ten to eighteen inches. It is used in gardens and often in field 
culture, among rows of carrots, beets, etc. There is but one size, which 
has six teeth. These are fastened by a wedge and can be removed at 
pleasure. 




Fig. 47.— Hand Plow. 

A useful implement for hilling between the rows and stirring the soil 
more deeply than can be done with the hand cultivator. 

It is made of cast iron and highly polished. The share and mould are 
in one piece, and the whole fitted with a sliding gauge and thumb screw 
for regulating the depth of furrow. 



; 34 




Fig. 4S. — Weeding Hoe. 

This is a new and patented article, made with one or two wheels, as 
may be wanted, and used in weeding garden or field crops. 

It is light, and managed with ease, as the operator pushes the implement 
before him while in an upright position, and in full view of the plants. 

The blade can be adjusted so as to cut any required depth. 




Fig. 49. — Commox Expanding Cltltivatou. 

This is the ordinary form of Cultivator, with teeth of cast iron, and made 
with or without the front wheel, as shown at Fig. 50. 

The wheel, however, is found to be a great improvement, and is recom- 
mended in all cases, as it causes the implement to move steadily and easily, 
and assists the operator in getting around the ends of rows and obstruc- 
tions in the field. 

This Cultivator can be expanded to work between rows four feet apart. 

It is made with three or with five teeth. 



35 




Fig. 50. — Improved Expanding Cultivator, 
This is made of the same form and size as the ordinary Cultivator, but 

the teeth are of heavy pjate steel bolted to a cast standard, and of such 

shape that, when worn by long use, they can be reversed, and are then as 

serviceable as when new. 

By the substitution of mould-boards for the rear teeth of this Cultivator, 

it will throw the earth toward or away from the plants. 

Tn this shape it takes the name of the Long Island Cultivator, 




Fig. 51. — Horse Hoe. 

This implement is intended for the same work as the Cultivator, and is 
by some considered an improvement upon the latter. 

It is made of three sizes, to suit the various widths required, though 
none of these can be expanded. 

We have another pattern, however, of more recent date, differing slightly 
from the cut in the form of the front teeth. This can be expanded or con- 
tracted, like the Cultivators, though not to so great an extent, as it will 
not thoroughly clean between rows more than three feet apart. We make 
but one size of this pattern. 



?5 a. 



■9 '■< 



O 




'll|ifi|ll''fl||! 



37 



Howe's Excelsior Sulky Cultivator. 

This is one of the most desirable in this class of labor-saving machinery. 

It can be used in the cultivation of nearly all crops planted in hills or 
drills, till they reach a growth of four feet ; also for covering seed or for 
cross-plowing or harrowing. 

In all cases it thoroughly pulverizes the soil, and is not choked by 
weeds, grass, trash, etc. 

The chief point of superiority of this Cultivator is in the attachment of 
the whiftletree to the beams instead of to the pole, making a direct line of 
draft and avoiding all strain on the frame and pressure on the horses necks. 

The draft is equalized, and the pressure applied to the teeth by pointed 
pushing braces attached to the cultivators at their rear ends and to the 
cross-trees under the tongue at their front end. 

The tongue is made of two pai-allel bars, leaving an open space its en- 
tire length, through which are seen the row, the front shovels, and the 
feet of the horses. This greatly facilitates guiding the team, and avoids 
injuring the plants. 

The teeth are suspended in front by swinging pendants, which regulate 
the depth and keep them upright ; and in the rear, by chains attached to 
revolving levers for raising and keeping them out of the ground while turn- 
ing or traveling on the road or fields. They may be placed at any re- 
quired distance apart, and the earth stirred and thrown toward or from 
the rows. 

They are turned from a direct line in crooked rows, or to avoid obstruc- 
tions, or to work up to a hill-side, by pressing the feet on the iron stirrups 
near the wheels. 

In case they catch, they are saved from injury by the arrangement of 
the pin passing through the shank. 

The entire machine weighs about four hundred pounds. 



Cane Cultivator. 

This is an implement of our own manufacture, and like our Hall and 
Cuba plows, is made with especial reference to use on the large sugar 
'estates of Cuba and the other West-Indian islands. 

The frame is of the best oak timber and the teeth of heavy plate steel, 
secured to the frame by bolts running the entire length of the standard. 

The side beams are hinged to the frame so as to allow them to be ex- 
panded or contracted, to suit the various widths of rows. 

It weighs about one hundred and thirty pounds. 



38 



hajstd seed sowers. 

The several machines shown below have been long in nse in this country 
and in England, and are found to plant all the various small seeds rapidly 
and with regularity. The cuts represent the machines with the hoppers 
and apparatus for sowing the small garden seeds, such as onions, turnips, 
carrots, parsnips, beets, etc. ; and also millet and other small grains in 
drills. They are easily arranged to plant a greater or less quantity, as may 
be required. 

By substituting other hoppers, with different dropping fixtures, peas, 
beans, corn, etc., may be planted in drills, or in hills from six inches to 
two feet apart. It is but a moment's work to exchange one for the other, 
and in all of them the quantity of seed planted is easily regulated. 

The drill is opened, and the seed is deposited, covered, and the soil com- 
pressed at a single operation. 

Seed Sower No. 1. 

Seed Sower No. 1, or English 
Drill, is a size larger than No. 0, 
though designed for sowing the 
same kinds of seeds in the garden 
or field. The cylinder and brush 
within the hopper are worked by 
gearing, and thus are always 
sure to operate. 

Fig. 54. 





Fig. 55. — Seed Sower No. 2. 
Seed Sower No. 2 combines several important improvements upon the 
Enghsh Drill, particularly in those additions which fit it for sowing large 
seeds. The brush and cylinder of No. 2, which distribute the seeds, are 
worked by graduated rows of iron cogs or gearings, which operate simplv 
and uniformly, are durable, and not likely to get out of order, and by which 
the speed of the dropping may be increased or lessened, large or small 
seeds sown, in all their varieties, at any desirable distances, in hills or 
drills. The several necessary changes for the purpose are made easily and 



39 



expeditiously. The bruSh is used for small seeds, as turnips, carrots, 
etc., and the cylinder for corn, peas, beans, etc. Six tins with different 
sized holes accompany each machine to be used in connection with the 
brush as circumstances may require. 

In structure this is a sim- 
ple, compact and durable 
Seed Sower. It adapts it- 
self to every form and size 
of seed, makes its own drill, 
distributes with evenness, 
screens the seed from dis- 
persion by the wind and 
clogging by the rain, covers 
perfecth^ and gently presses 
the earth down to secure 
that close contact of soil 
essential to quick germina- 
tion. The perfect precision 
and certainty of every part 
of the process enables the 
Fig. 56.— Wethersfield Seed Drill. cultivator to sow his lands 

in exactly the variety and proportions of crop he wishes, and secures 

uniformity throughout. 

It is worked by cast-iron reeds, instead of with a brush. These vary in 

size from No. 1, suitable for corn, beans, etc., to No. 8, which is used in 

sowing turnips and similar seeds. But one size of drill, however, is made. 





Fig. 57. — Harrington's Seed Sower. 

This new Seed Sower, which in another form is referred to under page 
03, Fig. 45, combines all the important requisites of good drills with the 
advantage of being easily converted into a Cultivator, as shown above. 

All slides, reed and brushes are dispensed with in this form of sower. 



40 




Fig. 58. — Caiioon's Broadcast Seed Sower. 



This Broadcast Sower 
is the only ope of its 
kind in our market. 

It consists of a light 
sheet iron frame-work, 
with a canvas bag or 
hopper surmounting it, 
which will hold about 
half a bushel of seed. 

It is suspended by a 
strap from the operat- 
or's neck, and held in 
position by a strap 
around his waist. 



In operating it the grain falls through an opening that can be graduated 
as to the quantity sown per acre, and is discharged through a flanged 
mouth or spout, which is rapidly rotated by turning the handle. The 
motion of tlie latter is greatly multiplied by the gearing connecting it with 
the spout. The seed is thrown from eight to twenty feet on each side of 
the operator ; the heavier seed being of course thrown the greatest dis- 
tance. 

Since the introduction of this Seed Sower we have greatly improved its 
mechanical construction, and it is now a strong as well as a simple ma- 
chine, and with careful usage will last many years. It saves much of the 
labor and time, enables any one, with a little experience, to sow with 
regularity, and in consequence of the evenness with which it distributes 
the seed, saves from one quarter to one thiixl of the grain ordinarily re- 
quired. A complete separation of the seed is effected, and each kernel falls 
separately upon the ground, thus causing great regularity of distribution 
and giving the best opportunity for the growth and development of the 
grain. 

The Hand machine, at a common walking gait, sows from four to eight 
acres per hour. 

The Horse Power machine is worked by an endless chain passing over 
a rim bolted to the wheel of the wagon or cart that carries the machine. 
At the usual walking gait of a horse, it sows from ten to fifteen aci-es per 
hour. 

In shipment abroad the Hand machines are packed a half dozen in a 
box, measuring eight cubic feet, and weighing seventy-five pounds. 



41 



POWEE SEED SOWEES. 




Fig. 59. — No. 3 Seed Sower, or Emery's Drill. 

This machine, which is substantially like Sower No. 2, is adapted to 
horse power, sowing seeds continuously in drills, or planting them in hills. 
By change of cylinders, it sows large or small seeds. The gearings for 
the purpose of producing a rapid or slow motion, in order to adapt the 
machine to sowing at different distances, are simple yet excellent. They 
are made of iron, are durable, and work with regularity and accuracy. 




Fig. 60. — Bachelder's Corn Planter. 

This is one of the best machines for planting corn. The seed is put into 
the hopper above the beam, and as the horse moves along the share below 
opens the furrow ; the corn is then dropped by arms moving horizontally. 



42 

These arms have holes that can be altered to a proper size for receiving 
any required number of grains, and as they pass in and out of the hopper 
the holes are filled with the seed, which is dropped into a tube conducting 
it to the bottom of the drill made by the share, and so formed that it passes 
under the surface at any required depth, where the grain is deposited with- 
out turning over the earth. A triangular iron follows to remove all lumps 
and stones, and a roller to compress the earth over the seed. The drop- 
ping of the seed is always visible to the operator, and thus insures his 
work being perfectly done. The arms are made to drop the corn nearer 
or further apart by different sized wheels fastened on the crank moving 
the arms quicker or slower as required. 

The machine requires a small horse or mule to draw it, and with a boy 
to tend and drive will plant from eight to ten acres per day according to 
the width of the rows,^ and at any requu-ed distance apart. 




Fig. 61. — Lee's Patent Grain Drill. 

We have two sizes of this Drill„both intenaed to be drawn by two 
horses. 

The smaller is made with eight tubes, and has a total width of six and 
a quarter feet ; the larger, with nine tubes, is seven feet in width. 

The tubes are six inches apart, and will sow from ten to fifteen acres in 
a day. 

The seed-box contains a busliel and a half oi grain. 

The machines weigh about five hundred pounds. 




Fig. 63. — Broadcast Sowing Machine. 

This machine sows evenly any desired quantity per acre of all grains 
and seeds, and all fertilizers and manures of a dusty natures 

It is capable of dusting every inch of ground on an acre of land with 
less than half a bushel of plaster, and thirty or forty bushels of lime may 
be thus evenly applied to the same amount of land. It sows a breadth of 
ten feet. 

The machines are furnished with thills unless ordered with tongue. 




Fig. 64. — Plaster Sower. 
This machine will sow guano, bone dust, plaster, ashes, lime, and all 



45 

fine fertilizers, regulating the quantity as desired, and sowing them as well 
when damp as when dry. Coals in wood-ashes, and all lumpy substances 
not harder than charcoal, are readily crushed or ground while sowing. 
Wet ashes from the leach-tub can be sown in the most perfect manner. 

A Grass Seeder is added at a small additionat expense, so that clover or 
timothy seed may be sown when sowing the fertilizers. 

The machine is easy of draught for one horse, but a tongue is furnished 
instead of thills if desii-ed. 

It sows a breadth of eight feet. 




Fig. 64a. — Cotton Planter. 

This Planter will work well in all soils, even in such as are incumbered 
by the trash of the previous crop, and sows the seed, without any prep- 
aration, just as it is taken from the cotton-gin. 

It is readily adjusted to sow any quantity of seed that may be desired ; 
it opens the furrow, sows with great regularity as to quantity and depth, 
and compacts the surface soil after the seed is sown. This latter operation 
does much to insure the germination of the plant. 

It is drawn by a light horse or mule, and will sow from eight to ten 
acres per day. 

It is seven feet long, exclusive o*" the shafts ; is about two feet wide, and 
weighs two hundred pounds. 



46 



HARVESTIKQ IMPLEMENTS. 




Fig. 65. — Scythe Snaths. 

These are the styles generally used for grass, lawn, and bush Scythes. 

The Grass Snaths (B) are No. 0, with a hook bolt fastening; No. 1, with 
a graduating socket ; No. 1 Extra, with a socket, full plate, ring, and brass 
ferule ; and No. 20, with the patent loop fastening and adjusting screw. 

Bush Snaths (A) are made extra heavy, and oi two kinds ; one with two 
rings ; the other with the patent loop fastening. 




Fig. GT). — Scythes. 

Our cuts represent the patterns of Scythes in ordinary use. 

A is the Bush Scythe of German or cast steel. It varies in length from 
eighteen to twenty-six inches. 

B shows the imported English Lawn Scythe, made with a riveted back, 
and ranging in length from thirty to forty -four inches. 

shows the New-York pattern of Grass Scythe made of three qualities ; 
the German, cast, and silver steel, and of any length from thirty-six to 
forty-six inches. 

■ D shows the New-York pattern of Grain Cradle Scythe, which is made 
of the same qualities as the Grass Scythe, and of any length required from 
forty to fifty-six inches. 



,4.17 




Fia. 67. Grain Cradles. Fig. 68. 

We have these of three patterns, two of which are shown above. 

Fig. 67 represents the Turkey AVing Cradle, in general use in the North- 
ern States, and Fig. 68 the Southern Cradle, a stronger and more expen- 
sive pattern. 

The Grape Vine Cradle, used in certain sections of the country, resem- 
bles the Turkey Wing, except in the form of handle or snath, which is 
much more curved. . 

This last is made with four and five fingers, the Southern with four, 
five and six fingers. 

All are of the best selected ash timber, and fitted with scythes of first 
quality, with the new adjustable wedge. 

They can be taken apart and packed in boxes, measuring five to eight 
cubic feet to the dozen, accordins; to the size of the cradles. 




Fig. 69 — Clows's Patent Barley Forks. 

These are intended for gathering the grain from the swath into gavels 
for binding ; and also for pitching barlej^, oats, etc., from the swath into 
the wagon when the grain is harvested without binding. 

They are made with malleable iron heads, and with three or four wood 
tines, thus rendering the fork very light j-et strong. 

The teeth are fastened in the head independently of each other, so that 
if one be byoken it may be easily replaced. 

They are packed for shipment in boxes of one dozen, measuring about 
five cubic feet, and weighing seventy -five pounds. 

The four-tine forks weigh about three and a half pounds each. 



48 





Fig. 70. — Palmer's Horse Hay Fokk. 

This fork has been in practical use for several years, and having been 
improved in several respects is confidently recommended as one of the 
best in market. By means of the pulleys furnished with the fork it can 
be rigged to deposit the hay in any part of the mow by pulling a small 
cord. It is equally adapted for stacking. The handle being short is out 
of the way for going over or under beams, through sheds, windows, etc. 
The bail and brace being made of wrought iron and the tines of steel and 
sickle shaped, it is very strong and durable and will hold as much as a 
horse can draw. As the bail folds to the handle when the hay is dis- 
charged it occupies less room to work in than any other. The head is pro- 
tected by patented self-tightening bands through which the tines pass, thus 
rendering it perfectly safe. Although very strong it is small and compact, 
and can be used by a boy. It will take off a load of hay in from three to 
six minutes. 

The fork is furnished with pulleys and hooks, but without rope. 



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49 



CLIPPER MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES. 

This machine was introduced by us into this market in 1863. Although 
it at once took the first place among this class of machines, it has since 
been modified from year to year, as each successive season's experience in 
the field showed any point susceptible of improvement, and it now ranks 
among harvesting machines as our modern light steel tools, plows, etc., do 
in comparison with the old-fashioned and heavy implements of the past 
generation. 

To avoid bulk and secure durability, iron has been substituted for 
wood ; to avoid weight and secure strength, wrought and malleable iron 
have been largely substituted for cast iron, and steel for wrought iron ; 
and to secure simplicity, the pieces or parts of the machine have been re- 
duced to about one half the number generally used, without sacrificing 
either its utility, convenience, or durability. The machine is, in fact, so 
simple, and with so few parts, that but twenty -seven bolts, and these of 
only two sizes, are required to put it together. 

The parts of all machines of the same size are interchangeable. This 
is a feature which is peculiar to the Clipper machine, and which renders it 
particularly adapted to shipment abroad, when duplicate pieces must be 
ordered from a distance, or where, from the high cost of freight, it may be 
desirable to have machines shipped in parts to be put together upon arrival 
at their destination. 

The frame is entirely of iron, and so made by a combination of parts 
that if either is injured, only that part need be replaced. The material of 
which it is made renders it indestructible, except by ill usage, while it can 
not be warped or injured in any way by exposure to the weather, as is the 
case with wood frame machines. 

The drive-wheels have ten wrought-iron spokes, each bracing the two 
adjoining ones, instead of six of cast iron, which is the number generally 
used. The rim is thus supported at ten different points, and the wheels 
are lighter, and at the same time much stronger, than the ordinary cast 
iron wheels. Though they are independent of each other, each will drive. 
Both are in gear while advancing, and out of gear while backing. The in- 
side wheel runs in the track of the shoe and does not press down the cut 
gra,ss. 

The fast running gearing and shafts are entirely cased, thus excluding 
dust, dirt, and the grass, and preventing any injury to the clothes or per- 
son of the driver ; and as the journal-boxes are formed within this casing 
and sleeve, the shafts and gearing can not be thrown out of line by the 
warping or twisting of the frame. The crank-wheel is also entirely pro- 
tected from dirt and the grass by a hinged fender. 

The casing, together with the perfection of the gearing, and the me- 



50 

chanical arrangement of the several parts, renders this machine almost 
noiseless in its operation. 

The whiffle-trees are underneath the pole and attached to the front bar 
by a short draught-rod. The draught is thus applied as low and as near 
the finger-bar as possible, so that when it meets an obstruction, the strain 
is not transmitted through the machine, but is taken off very near the point 
at which it was received. When the draught is by the pole, and the ma- 
chine strikes an obstruction, the strain is transmitted through its whole 
frame-work, and, not infrequently, the shafts and gears are thrown out of 
line, causing the machine to run hard and stiff without any apparent 
reason. The draught being applied to the front end of the machine below 
the pole, the tendency is to lift the shoe and make it pass lightly over the 
ground. The power required to draw the machine is thus considerably 
lessened, as the weight, which otherwise would rest on the shoe, is trans- 
ferred to the wheels. A small wheel, fastened either directly to the shoe or 
at the front end of the frame, is not infrequently resorted to to accomplish 
this object, but by adding weight it increases the evil which the diminished 
friction from the use of the wheel was intended to prevent, and necessi- 
tates lifting the inside shoe when turning corners. The method of drawing 
from the front end of the frame below the pole gives a true centre draught, 
thus avoiding all weight on the horse's neck and side draught. In the 
Clipper the bar is drawn instead of being pushed, as is done in other 
machines, cutting in front, when drawn by the pole. This secures a uni- 
form and very light draught. 

By means of a lever convenient to the right hand of the driver, the 
points of the guards and knives can instantly be raised or lowered while 
the machine is in motion, thus varying the angle of cut and adapting it to 
lodged grass or rough^ boggy ground. This may be regarded, in connec- 
tion with our self-adjusting knife-head, as one of the most important and 
distinctive features of the machine. 

The finger-bar is made of cast steel, with the front edge rolled or turned 
up, thus greatly strengthening it and answering the purpose of a cross-bar 
in front of the knife-bar. 

The guards are of forged cast steel, with tempered cutting faces and 
points, and of such shape that they will not clog. Although light, they 
are so strong that they can hardly be broken, even by the roughest usage. 

The rolled bar and steel guards of the Clipper are as much in advance 
of the usual style of flat bar and malleable guards, as the latter are in ad- 
vance of the old wood bars and cast iron guards. 

The shifting-lever is convenient to the left foot of the driver, with which 
he can instantly throw the machine either in or out of gear, without using 
his hands. 

The lifting-lever is convenient to the driver's right hand. The machine 
being so nearly balanced, he can easily raise the outer end of the bar two 
feet, and the inner end eight inches from the ground. The bar can be 
readily folded without the necessity of the driver leaving his seat. 




w 



t-l 



51 

In its general appearance, the absence of the heavy, cumbersome wooden 
frame, the fine and well-adjusted proportions and tasteful design of the 
machine, make the Clipper Mower one of the most attractive of all the 
implements used on a form ; wliile, from its costly material and workman- 
ship, it is cheaper at its price than any other in market, and can be sold 
at the list price only because we use the most expensive and elaborate 
machinery expressly built for its manufacture. 

The Clipper is built of four sizes, as follows : 

., Length of Diameter of „ .„„ . .^ Shippinfr 

No. , , , Power. Weight. ,. ' ' ° 

cut. wheel. "^ Measurement. 

1, . . 3^ feet, 80 inches, . . 1 horse, 480 lbs., . . From 35 

2,.. 4 " ....30 " . .2 horses, (light, )..5 10 " .. to 
3,..4i " ....32 " ..2 " ..G20 " . .40 cubic 

4,.. 4-^ and 5 ft, 36 " ..2 " ..680 " .. feet. 

No. 4 can be readily fitted for a Reaping machine, and, when so fitted, 
weighs nine hundred and fifty pounds and measures seventy cubic feet. 

The One-Horse Mower is as light for one horse as the Two-Horse ma- 
chine is for two horses. It will cut from three quarters of an acre to an 
acre of grass an hour, and is, in fact, the only practical one-horse machine 
in market. 



SWIFT'S IMPROVED LAWN-MOWING MACHINES. 

This machine has beoome indispensable to all owners of lawns who 
value a fine, close and evenly cut turf, which is impossible to be secured 
by the use of lawn scythes, even in the most experienced hands. When 
properly used, it leaves the grass not only evenly cut, but the heavy roller 
compacts the sod and the soil below, with manifest advantage to the ap- 
pearance of the lawn as well as its permanent improvement. As all 
the sizes are made with compound swivel rollers, and evenly balanced, 
they can be turned squarely around with case, and without marking the 
lawn. 

The cut grass is scattered evenly over the surface by the action of the 
knives, and thus acts as a mulch or shade to the sod, and a great protec- 
tion from the summer heat; or, if this be considered unnecessary, it can 
be gathered by the same action of the knives, into tlie l)ox attached to the 
front of the machine, and removed as fast as filled. 

Where hand machines only are used, the grass should be cut closely 
and never allowed to grow so as to take off more than one and a half 
inches at a cutting. The lawn should be smooth and the grass cut as 
frequently as once a week, which should be done during the early and 
growing season. 



52 




Fig. 72a. — Lawn Mower, to be worked by one or two men. 

[In this cut the grass box is represented separate from the machine, so as to show the rollers 

and knives.] 

All the horse machines are made to discharge the grass behind the ma- 
chine, and so arranged that the grass box can be emptied by the person 
guiding it without leaving his position, or being compelled to throw the 
cut grass on the walks or on the uncut grass. 

In wet weather, or early in the season, the horse's shoes are sometimes 
injurious to the surface of the lawn. This objection is remedied by using 
the horse boots, and without any inconvenience to the horse. 

The following table gives the necessary details of the different sizes : 

No. Power required. Width of cut. 

2, One Man, 16 inches, 

3, Two Men, 20 " 

5, Pony, 24 " 

6, One Horse, 30 " 

8, " " 36 " 

9, " " 42 " 



Weight. 


210 lbs 


225 " 


320 " 


600 " 


630 " 


TOO " 



53 



RAKES. 





Fig. 73. — Hand Hay Rakes. 

These are made of two styles, as shown in the cut, (A and B,) with two 
and with three supporting bows. 

They are generally of white ash and hickory wood, but vary in quality, 
as shown by the number and position on the rake-head of the makers' 
brands. 

The Double Bowed Rake has ten teeth, and is made of four qualities ; 
without brand, with one brand, with two straight brands, and with two 
oval brands. 

The Three Bowed Rake is made with twelve and with fourteen teeth, 
and is of two qualities ; with two straight brands and with two oval brands. 



Fig. 73 (O— Wood Lawn Rake. 

This is intended for use on lawns in raking the short, cut grass. 
The head is somewhat shorter than the ordinary hay rake, set with 
twenty-two teeth, which are one inch apart. 




Fig. 74. — Broad Hand Hay Rake. 

This is designed for use in the hay-field, in raking after the wagon. 
There are two sizes, with broad light heads, five and a half and six feet 
long. 



64 




Fig. 75 — Revolvino House Rake. 

This is tlic best pattern of the several different rakes now in market. 

It is made of the tirst quality of timber,' in the most substantial manner, 
with square teeth of hickory or ash. 

The width of the nike head is nine feet. 

For shipment they are packed so that each complete rake occupies a 
space of eighteen cubic feet, and weighs about seventy-two pounds. 




Fig. 76. — Whitcomb's Horse Rake. 

In the department of agricultural implements there is none superior to 
the above as a labor-saving machine. 



55 

It is useful as a gleaner in the grain fields after the cradle or reaping 
machine, as well as a rake in the hay-field. 

It can be worked by a boy, is very, easy in draught, not liable to get out 
of order, and, from the elasticity of the teeth and their position in the 
rake-head, it works equally well on rough and uneven as on smooth surfaces. 

Being on wheels, and with spring teeth easily regulated as to height 
from the ground, it avoids the usual fault in metallic tooth rakes of tearing 
the sod and collecting dirt and stones with the hay. 

The load is discharged by raising the lever in front of the seat, which 
is convenient to the driver's hand, and by the same means the teeth are 
thrown up to clear any unusual obstacle. 

It will rake cleanly a width of eight feet, and measures nine feet from 
the outside of the hubs. The weight is two hundred pounds. 




Bullard's Hay Tedder. 



The Bullard Hay Tedder, patented in 1861, has been in practical use 
ever since, and by several improvements is now perfectly adapted to the 
varying conditions of the hay-field. 

The forks are worked by gearing attached to the wheels, and when in 
motion turn the grass, leaving it tossed up lightly and crossed in every 



56 

direction in the best condition to be evenly and quickly dried by the cir- 
culation of the air. In this mode only can the sugar, starch, etc., which 
constitute the nutritive properties of the grass, be preserved ; and what is 
almost of as much importance, in this way alone can be retained the sweet- 
ness and fragrance of the hay, that makes it most palatable to the animal. 

When the grass is wet and matted, to the ground after heavy rains, the 
Tedder will sometimes save its cost in a single crop in shaking out the 
moisture and leaving it open to air and sunlight. 

This machine will thoroughly turn four acres of grass in an hour, thus 
accomplishing the work of from eight to twelve men, and at a period in 
the day when time is very precious. It leaves the grass lighter for drying 
and in better condition for the rake and for storage in the barn, and does 
the work so quickly that the process of turning can be several times re- 
peated ; and the curing by this means is so hastened that the hay can be 
taken to the barn in the best condition the same day it is cut. It thus 
brings the entire process of harvesting the hay into one good hay day. 
Where this can not be accomplished, hay thus treated may be safely left in 
the cock for the remainder of the process of curing. 

Of course this shortening of the process of hay-making enables the 
farmer to cut his hay when it is nearest ripe for the harvest, and much 
diminishes the risk of its injury from bad weather. 

It can be used on rough ground and in heavy grass, and it never clogs. 

We have but one size, which is made with eight forks and fitted either 
with pole or shafts as required. 

The forks spread seven feet in width and the whole machine occupies 
a ground space of seven feet by five feet. 

When packed for shipment it measures seventy cubic feet and -weighs 
five hundi'cd pounds. 



57 

The Empire Potato Harvester. 

The adjoining cut accurately represents our new Potato Harvester. 

The concave rollers in front closely fit both sides of the row and press 
down the vines, weeds, grass, etc., and while held in this po.sition the 
double-mould plow, with a cutting edge, follows closely and cuts them off 
with most of the surface earth overlying the potatoes, throwing all off on 
either side. 

The plow is followed by a scoop, which runs under the potatoes and 
brings them, with a portion of earth, within reach of the revolving fingers 
or prongs. These take up the potatoes and throw them behind the ma- 
chine on the surface, or deposit them in a box, as may be preferred. 

The machine digs much cleaner than is usually done by hand, and as 
fast as the horses can walk. 

It is easily drawn by a pair of light horses or oxen, and is no more 
liable to get out of order than a plow. 

It weighs seven hundred and eighty pounds. 




Fig. 79. — Allen's Potato Digger. 

This implement weighs one hundred pounds, and is of very light draught. 
A pair of small horses or oxen, with a boy to drive, will easily dig pota- 
toes as fast as twenty men can pick up. It turns them out so cleanly that 
scarcely one bushel in fifty, whether small or large, is left uncovered. 

The standard is high, so as to allow of its working freely, without 
clogging from weeds and potato vines, but in harvesting for an early 
market, when the vines are long and still green, the work will be much 
facilitated by cutting these and removing them from the rows. 

The prongs in this Digger are of wrought iron, and are made of any size 
or shape to suit different soils. They are attached by bolts to the mould- 
board, and easily removed if necessary. 

A smaller and cheaper form of Potato Digger is made with prongs of 
iron cast in one piece with the mould-board, but this is liable to break in 
hard or stony soils, and is then difficult to be repaired. We should advise 
its use only on very light soils and for small crops. 



HORSE POWERS. 




Fig. 86. — Light House Power. 

This power is designed for from one to four horses, for driving cotton- 
gins, corn-shellers, etc., for pumping, or any other light work. 

It is made of iron, in the best manner throughout, with strict regard to 
mechanical principles, and, being very strongly braced, it is a durable as 
well as a cheap motive power. 

It weighs about three hundred pounds. 



Anti-Fkiction Horse Power. 

"Wherever a strong and durable as well as easy running Lover Power is 
required for heavy work, we recommend the Anti-Friction Patent, of either 
the Upper or Lower Gear. They are made at our own manufactory, of 
the best materials and workmanship, and guaranteed in all respects. 

They are adapted for from one to eight horses, and run with so light a 
draught that a single horse will work them effectively ; j^et if heavy work 
is to be done, the Power is strong enough to bear the combined force of 
eight horses. By the peculiar combination of gearing, great speed is ob- 
tained directly upon the Power itself, thus obviating the expense of putting 
up counter-shafting to get up speed and saving the power required to 
drive it. 



66 




Fio. 89. —Patent Railway Horse Powek. 

This Power is constructed upon the Ileal principle, with adjustable main 
and counter shafts, and with small traveling shafts, which connect the 
links of the chains and carry the small traveling wheels. These main and 
counter shafts are mounted in Babbited bearings, and are adjustable for 
regulating the running of the endless platform and the tension of the 
chains. They are fitted with uniform couplings and fastenings upon their 
ends, outside of and on both sides of the Power, and receive their seteral 
gears and pulleys of different diameters, w'here they are free from the 
droppings of the animals and easily accessible. By the transposition and 
changes of these gears and pulleys, all the various degrees of force and 
motion, which are required of the driving-band wheel, are instantly pro- 
duced for working the different agricultural machines, and for other pur- 
poses, without changing the labor of the animals. 

The patent Governor can be attached to all Powers, and being self- 
operating, no danger need be apprehended from the breaking or running 
off of the belt. 

The Single Power has a platform ten feet long, with a stall two feet four 
inches wide. It weighs eleven hundred pounds, and measures eighty- 
three cubic feet. 

The Double Power has a platform four feet wide and ten feet long, with 
a stall four feet and nine inches wide, affording ample room for the largest 
horses. It weighs nearly seventeen hundred pounds, and measures one 
hundred and thirty cubic feet. 

A Three-Horse Power is also made of corresponding size. 

This Power is conveniently constructed for being mounted on wheels, 
making a perfect wagon, on which may be carried the other machinery to 
be driven by it, such as Threshing-machines, Cotton-gins, etc., etc. 

(For description of Tapi.in's Portabi.k Cir.cni-Art Hoksk Power, see page 70.) 



67 




Fig. 90. — Dog Power. 



This is intended princi- 
pally for dairy purposes, 
but can be made use of 
wherever a light and port- 
able power is desired. 

The principle of con- 
struction is materially the 
same as that of the larger 
railway powers, with such 
modifications, diminution 
of friction, etc., as are need- 
ed to fit it to be moved by 
small animals. 

A dog, sheep or goat is 
sufficient to work it. 



The wheels are of iron instead of wood, as in the old styles of Dog 
Powers, and the lever is adjustable, so that the power may be set in any 
position with regard to the churn. 

The Single Power is three and three quarters feet high, five and three 
quarters feet long, and two feet wide. It weighs one hundred and ten 
pounds. The Double Power is of the same length and height, but one 
foot wider. It weighs one hundred and eighty pounds. 




Fig. 91. — Patent Thresher and Separator. 

This is now made of three sizes, adapted to the One, Two, and Three 
Horse Railway Powers, but it can be used with any other motive power. 

The One Horse machine has a cylinder twenty-six inches long, and 
weighs three hundred and forty pounds. It measures seventy -two cubic 
feet. 

It is worked by two or three hands, and will thresh and separate from 
the straw seventy-five to one hundred and twenty-five bushels of wheat 
per day. 



68 

The Power, Thresher and Separator together weigh about thirteen hun- 
dred pounds. 

The Two Horse machine has a cylinder thirty inches long, and weighs 
three hundred and eighty pounds. It measures ninety cubic feet. 

It is worlied with three to five hands, and will thresh and separate from 
the straw two hundred to two hundred and fifty bushels of wheat per day. 

With the Power and Separator it weighs nearly twenty-one hundred 
pounds. 

The Three Horse Machine, with a cylinder of thirty-four inches, is of 
proportionate weight and capacity to the smaller machines, and is generally 
used in threshing by steam or a heavy lever power, although it can be run 
by the Two Horse Power. 

In threshing oats with these machines the capacity is double that in 
threshing wheat or rye. 

It is of course understood that this Separator leaves the grain free from 
the straw only, and needing to be passed through a Fanning Mill to sepa- 
rate the dirt, chaflF, etc. 




Fig. 92. — Patent Thresher and Oleanek. 

This machine combines the Thresher and Separator with the Fanning 
Mill, and leaves the grain ready for market. 

It was invented and first manufactured in 1851, and has since been con- 
stantly improved until it is now perfectly adapted to the purpose for which 
it is intended. 

The separating and cleaning portion of the machine is now constructed 
in two parts, entirely independent of each other, and driven in opposite 
directions. 

This arrangement effects a perfect balance of the reciprocating parts, and 
the whole machine stands firmly and works steadily, thus requiring less 



69 

power and rendering it very durable, as well as particularly adapting it to 
the wants of all who wish to use it upon a truck or wagon. 

The straw is carried from the machine by a revolving rake, which, by 
alternately raising and shaking it, insures the most perfect separation of 
the grain. This rake is patented, and is used only on tliis macliine. 

The sieves are of sheet iron. 

The dust is carried away from the feeder by the blast of air from the 
threshing cylinder. 

The tailings are returned to the feeding table and passed through the 
machine a second time. 

In addition to the main belt only two small bands are required. Cog 
gearing is entirely discarded. 

The No. 2 machine, with twenty-six inches cylinder, will thresh and 
clean from ten to fifteen bushels per hour. 

It weighs one thousand pounds, and measures one hundred and forty 
cubic feet. 

The No. 1 machine, with a cylinder of thirty inches, will thresh and 
clean from fifteen to twenty bushels per hour, and weighs eleven hundred 
pounds. It measures one hundred and seventy cubic feet. 

Both of the above machines require a Two Horse Power. 

The No. 1 extra machine, with cj'linder of thirty-four inches length, will 
thresh and clean from twenty to thirty bushels per hour, but this size de- 
mands at least a power of three horses. 

It weighs thirteen hundred and seventy pounds, and measures two hun- 
dred and sixteen cubic feet. 

The capacity, as given above, is for wheat, rye and barley ; for oats it 
is about double. 




Fig. 93.— Pitts' Thkeshing Machine, Sepauatou and Ci.eanek. 

Wherever a very large quantity of grain is to be threshed the Pitts' pat- 
ent machine is without question the best. 



72 




Fig. 96. 



Clover Hulleb. 

This is a compact, simple and 
durable machine, doing its work 
well without injury to the seed, 
and hulling from five to fifteen 
bushels per day, with a power 
of one horse. 

It weighs one hundred and 
sixty pounds, and measures 
twenty-three cubic feet. 



SMUT MACnmES. 




This is one of 
the earliest of the 
several machines 
of this class now 
in use, and is still 
a favorite pattern 
in many portions 
of this and other 
countries. 

It is simple, com- 
pact and, though 
limited in its ca- 
pacity in compar- 
ison with the more 
Fig. 97.— Pilkinton's Smut Machine. recent inventions, 

will be found a satisfactory and useful machine. Onl}' one size is made, 
which measures about twenty-six cubic feet, and weighs four hundred and 
eighty pounds. 



14 




OOElSr SHELLEES. 

Clinton Corn Sheller. 

This is the o"dinary style of Com 
Sheller, used for shelling the small and 
medium sized varieties of Indian corn. 

It is made with either one or two bal- 
ance wheels. The cut shows the single 
wheel, but by the addition of a second 
the machine runs much more steadily 
and with greater ease to the workman. 

From ten to fifteen bushels of shelled 
corn per hour is its usual capacity when 
operated by one man, with a boy to put 
in the ears. 

In shipping, two are put together and 
skeleton boxed. In this form, they 
measure nineteen cubic feet, and weigh 
two hundred and thirtj^ pounds. 

Fio. 105 — Improved Clinton Corn Sheller. Page 77. 

The Clinton Sheller has recently been improved by making the frame 
in such manner that the legs can be detached and packed inside of it, thus 
saving largely in the cost of freight in shipment to distant ports. 



This is made in the 
same style as our 
Clinton Corn Shell- 
er, but with a heavier 
frame and irons, and 
finished in a superior 
manner. 

It is made with a 
single or double hop- 
per, as may be re- 
quired ; the former is 
worked by hand and 
the latter by either 
hand or horse power. 
The extra weight and 
size add nuich to the 
durability and ease of 
operating this over 
the smaller shellers. 

The single hopper 
Sheller weighs one 
hundred and thirty- 
five pounds and mea- 
sures fourteen cubic 
feet. 




Fig. 100.— Eagle Coun Sheller. 



15 




Southern Cobh 
Sheller. 

This is a pattern 
of Corn Sheller 
made expressly lor 
the large farms ai\d 
plantations of the 
South and West, in 
which sections the 
corn is so much 
larger in the ear 
than that of the 
Middle and Eastern 
States. 

The whole is made 
much heavier than 
the ordinary shell- 
ers, and with a single 
or double hopper. 



Fig. 101. 




Burrall's Corn Sheller. 

This is made entirely of iron, 
after the same pattern as the Clin- 
ton Sheller in mternal arrangement 
and mode of shelling, but improved 
upon that pattern in the mode of 
delivery, the ears and grain being 
perfectly separated by the action 
of the machine. 

It will shell at least one hundred 
bushels per day, and for very hot 
climates, where wood is verj- liable 
to decay or shrink, thus rendering 
an iron frame preferable, we advise 
the Burrall patent. 

It is more convenient too for 
packing for shipment, as the legs can be removed and the whole tightly 
boxed to occupy not over four cubic feet. 

The weight of the Shelkr is one hundred and twenty pounds. 
It is equally adapted to the large corn of the West and South, and the 
small yellow corn of the Northern States. 



Fig. 102. 



77 




This cut shows the im- 
provement recently made in 
the ordinary Clinton Sheller, 
Fig. 99. 

The frame is so constructed 
that the legs can be detached 
and packed inside of it, thus 
saving largely in the cost of 
freight in shipment to distant 
ports. 

When thus packed, each 
Sheller measures five cubic 
feet, and weighs one hundred 
and five pounds. 

It is made with a single or 
a double wheel, and in all 
other respects is the same as 
the common Sheller. 



Fig. 105. — Improved Clinton Sheller. 




Fig. 106. — Smith's Corn Sheller, No. 2. 

The shelling-plate in this machine is a horizontal toothed cylinder, six 
feet long and one foot two inches in diameter. In working, the ears of 
corn are confined to the upper and rising side of this cylinder by means 
of a cast-iron concave, extending the whole length of the machine ; and 
being admitted into it at the hopper, they are driven through, and the cobs 
discharged at the opposite end, while the grain falls below the cylinder. 
The operation is governed by elevating or depressing the discharge end, 
which regulates the speed of the ears in passing through the machine. 
It is capable of shelling thoroughly one hundred and fifty bushels of ears 
of corn per hour. 

In shipping order, it measures forty cubic feet, and weighs four hundred 
and sixty-five pounds. 

To be worked properly, this Sheller needs a two-horse power. 



FAl^ MILLS. 




This is to be used 
after the threshing ma- 
chine, flail, or corn 
sheller, and cleans per- 
fectly, at a single op- 
eration, all kinds of 
grains, rice, grass, and 
other seeds. 

It is made of six 
izes, all of nearly the 
same external dimen- 
sions, but with difFer- 
FiG. 107.— Grant's Patent Fan Mill, gnt sizes of sieves. 

There are eight of the latter, by varying which, as to position or number, 
the mill is adapted to different grains and other substances. 

It will clean from thirty to sixty bushels per hour, according to the 
size of mill and the substance to be cleaned. All the sizes can be worked 
by hand, but Nos. 5 and 6 have an extra long shaft to which a pulley can 
be fitted for power. 

« It can be taken apart for transportation, and this should always be done 
in shipment to great distances, as the machine is very bulky. So packed, 
it measures from thirteen to nineteen cubic feet, and weighs from two 
hundred and seventy to three hundred and seventy pounds, according to 
the size. 

B. Grant's Fan Mill. 

This is a smaller and cheaper mill than the one shown in the cut, but 
like it in general appearance. 

It i^ designed for those having but little grain to clean, and where ra- 
pidity of work is not essential. 

Six sizes are made, each having four sieves. 



Coffee Fan. 

The four larger numbers of the ordinary Fan Mill are, by a peculiar 
adaptation of the sieves and by divisions in the frame, particularly fitted 
for cleaning and separating the various sizes of Coffee. They are made 
somewhat heavier than the ordinary mill, to fit them for their peculiar 
work. 

Cochineal Fan. 

This is the ordinary Fan Mill, with four sieves, made with Qgpecial refer- 
ence to cleaning Cochineal. 



79 



lEO]^ COFFEE, GEAIN" AKD DRUG 
MILLS. 



The grinding plates of all Mills of Swift's Patent are made with raised 
points cast on the surface, and working between each other, so that the 
substance to be ground is cut instead of bruised. 

The plates are very durable and are easily replaced when worn. 




Fig. 108.— No. Mill. 




Fig. 109.— No. 1 Mill. 




Fig. 110.— No. 2 Mill. 



Swift's Coffee Mills. 

These are particularly 
constructed for coffee, 
though they will grind 
spices and grain. 

They will grind from 
eight to sixteen quarts per 
hour, according to the size 
and the speed at which ' 
they are run. 

These Mills are made 
entirely of iron, in three 
sizes, as shown by the 
cuts, all without frames, 
and can be attached to a 
post or board in any part 
of the house, or placed on 
a simple frame. 

For ordinary kitchen use 
these are the best Mills in 
the market. 

In shipping, they are 
packed in boxes of one 
dozen each, measuring, for 
No. 0, two cubic feet, and 
weighing fifty-five pounds ; 
for No. 1, two and a half 
feet, weighing ninety 
pounds ; and for No. 2, 
three and two thirds feet, 
weighing one hundred and 
fifty pounds. 



81 




three 
about 



Allen's Cast-Iron Corn Mill. 

This is a pattern of our own, 
recently introduced. 

The plates or grinding surfaces 
of this mill are made of the best 
cast iron, with superior finish, 
and will grind more rapidly, are 
more durable, and less likely to 
break than those generally used 
in cheap cast iron mills. 

We confidently recommend it 
as the best cheap mill in use. 

It will grind from two to five 
bushels of grain per hour, accord- 
ing to the fineness of the meal 
required and the power applied. 

The mill weighs one hundred 

and thirty-five pounds, stands, 

Fig. 113. with the hopper on, four feet and 

quarters high, but when packed for shipment one foot less. It is 

two feet square at the base. 




Fio. 114. 



Howard's Mill. 

This mill, which was originally 
made up under the supervision 
of Messrs. A. B. Allen & Co. as a 
cheap hand-mill for grinding corn, 
coffee or spices, has been, by a 
modification of the grinding 
plates, adapted for cracking and 
grinding various other articles. 

It is protected by patents, and 
though so protected is cheap and 
furnished at a price at which any 
farmer can afford to purchase. 

The plates are fluted, and can 
be set to grind any required fine- 
ness of meal or other product, 
and are easily replaced when 
worn. 



The hand-mill shown in Fig. 114 is made of two sizes; No. 1 three and 
a quarter feet high and No. 2 three and a half feet. The former weighs 
sixty and the latter seventy pounds. 



82 




Fig. 115.- 



The large Howard 
Mill, which is intend- 
ed for hand or for 
power, is made much 
heavier and larger, 
though with the same 
style of plates. 

We have recently 
adopted for this pat- 
tern a new arrange- 
ment of slide for lim- 
iting the feed, and by 
these, as shown in the 
cut at A and B, the 
quantity of grain pass- 
ing from the hopper 
is regulated and the 
eflBciency of the mill 
and ease of working 
it greatly increased. 
The mill will grind 



-Howaud's Larcje Mill. 
fine or coarse by adjusting the screw with the thumb nut shown at C. 

The handles for lifting the mill are so fastened that when not in use 
they can be swung out of the way, and in transportation are not liable to 
be broken. A pulley for the application of power is always sent, which 
can be attached to the shaft by the ordinary set screw. The shaft is 
always made of sufficient length to allow of this. 

This size with the hopper on is about four feet high, without the hopper 
three and a half feet. It weighs, without the pulley, one hundred and 
seventy -two pounds. The latter is fourteen pounds additional. 

Improved Iron Farm Mill. 

This mill, a recent improve- 
ment upon the Coleman grain 
mill, is adapted only for power 
and for grinding meal and feed. 
As a Farm mill it is unsurpassed, 
and we recommend it to all who 
do not wish to incur the expense 
of the French stone mill. 

The grinding surfaces are of 
chilled iron, so arranged as to be 
self-sharpening and working con- 
stantly for years without repairs. 

When the latter are necessary, 
new plates can be put in at small 
expense. 




Fig. IIG. 



88 



BAEK AND COB ORUSHEES. 




"Fig. 122.— Bark Mill. 



This is an improved form 
of the old style of mill for 
crushing oak and hemlock 
bark for tanners' use, though 
it is equally adapted to 
cracking Indian corn with 
the cobs for feeding stock. 
For this latter purpose, how- 
ever, the Little Giant Mill, 
as described below, is pref- 
erable. 

This mill occupies a space 
of two and a half square 
feet, measures six cubic 
feet, and weighs two hun- 
dred pounds. 




Fig. 123.— Little Giant Cokn and Cob 
Ckusher. 



This is designed for crush- 
ing Indian corn with the 
cobs, for feeding to stock or 
previous to passing through 
a grain mill for grinding 
into fine provender. It is 
also used for cracking corn 
only, suitable for hominy or 
for feeding to horses and 
cattle. It will grind from 
four to eight bushels per 
hour, leaving the product 
of a nearly uniform degree 
of fineness, and this it will 
do when the corn is damp, 
or even green, without clog- 
ging- 



The Mill occupies a ground space of twelve square feet, and measures 
about thirty-three cubic feet. It weighs two hundred and eighty-five 

pounds. 

The sweep is twelve and a half feet long, and weighs fifty pounds. 



100 




Fig. 140.— Hand-Sawing Machine. 

This machine is designed for sawing any kind of wood, and will accom- 
plish, with ease, the work of three men, besides doing it more accurately. 

It is intended either for a cross-cut or ripping saw, and may be com- 
bined with the Jig attachment or used separately. 

Any person ordering, should specify whether the combined machine or 
only one is desired. 

It will saw hard wood two inches thick and soft wood three inches thick. 

The circular saw usually sent is ten inches in diameter ; the whole ma- 
chine weighs three hundred and fifty pounds, and, when packed for ship- 
ment, occupies a space of five feet long by three and a quarter wide, and 
one foot high. 



101 




The cut shows a 
machine in general use 
for sawing wood for 
fuel. 

The timber, or stick 
of wood, is placed on 
the sliding frame on 
the top of tlie machine, 
against the small up- 
rights, and then push- 
ed, with the frame, 
against the saw. 

When cut, the frame 
with the stick is with- 
drawn, and ready for 
Fig. 141. — Wood-Sawing Machine for Cutting renewing the opera- 
FuEL. tion. 

It is easily driven by a one-horse power, and will saw six cords of wood 
per day. 

This machine occupies a space about four and a quarter feet square, 
weighs three hundred and twenty pounds, and is three feet high. 

It has a pulley six inches in diameter with a four and a half inch face, 
and a twenty -four inch saw. 



This machine is 
light and portable, 
but as it has a sub- 
stantial iron frame, 
is quite strong 
enough to resist the 
strain of its pecu- 
liar work. 

It is worked by 
the pressure of the 
foot upon the lever, 
the chisel being 
drawn back by a 
frictionless wooden 
spring, and reversed 
by hand. Each ma- 
chine is furnished 
with a wrench and 
three chisels, three 
eighths, four 
eighths, and five 
eighths inch wide, 




Fig. 142. — Portablb Foot Mortising Machine. 



104 



SOEGHO MILLS. 



The Victor Mill. 




Fig. 153. 



This mill combines, with the 
excellencies of the old style of 
mill, other features entirely- 
new, making it distinct from 
all other patterns. 

The gearing upon the master 
roll is made double the width 
of that on the minor rolls, caus- 
ing the gearing of the latter to 
overlap, and thus bringing the 
faces of the small rolls in di- 
rect contact, and dispensing 
entirely with the guide between 
the rolls. By this arrangement, 
together with the heavy project- 
ing flanges, the cane obtains a 
free and direct passage from the 
feed to the discharge roll, and 
all choking is avoided, as well as the expense of stripping the cane. The 
gearing being placed between the plates gives the operator easy access to 
the journals above and below, and enables him to secure their constant and 
perfect lubrication. 

The diagonal braces are of wrought iron, and projecting outwards as 
stays, give much more strength to the frame of the mill than can be ob- 
tained by upright supports. 

The boxes of the lower journals are perfectly tight, and as the oil can 
not escape the perfect oihng of the lower journals is secured. A step in 
this box, upon which the lower end of the shaft rests lifts the rolls so as to 
remove all friction between the bottom of the rolls and the plate. 

A square eye in the sweep cap, with the top of the driving shaft adjusted 
to it, enables the operator to remove it at pleasure. This arrangement, and 
the absence of all keys, enables any one with a wrench to take the mill 
entirely apart in a few minutes. 

An adjustable false plate is supported under the delivering roll, extend- 
ing out over the flange of the bottom plate, preventing the dry bagasse as 
it leaves the rolls from dipping into and re-absorbing the juice. 

Cleaning scrapers are attached to the stay-braces on the discharge side 
of the mill, and being held to the faces of the rolls by springs, serve as 
wipers or mops to cleanse the rolls. By this arrangement the fragments 



105 

of cane are thrown off on the discharge side, and the working portion of 
the rolls always kept clean. 

A circular trough in the bottom plate carries off the juice directly from 
the rolls, and thus prevents the filling up and overflowing of the bottom 
plate. 

There are six sizes, needing from one to four horse power to drive them. 




Fig. 154. 



Horizontal Sorgho Mill. 

As many persons prefer a 
Horizontal Mill for grinding 
the Chinese sugar-cane, we 
include in our list the adjoin- 
mg pattern, which we con- 
sider the best of the several 
kinds now in the market. 

It is light and cheap, but 
very strong, and these advan- 
tages, as well as the greater 
convenience of feeding, render 
it popular in many sections 
of the United States. 

It will be found useful also 



in the South and all sugar-raising countries where only a limited quantity 
of cane is ground. 

The Mill is made of three sizes with wood or iron frames. 

The cut shows the medium size, with the rollers eleven inches long and 
ten inches in diameter. 

The entire weight of this size is six hundred pounds. 



108 




109 



Cook's Portarle Sugar Evaporator. 

This is very simple yet scientific in its construction. It consists of an 
evaporating pan of galvanized iron or copper, with wooden sides, so divided 
by ledges as to form a continuous transverse channel over a furnace of 
heavy cast and sheet iron lined with brick; the whole mounted on rockers 
of angle iron. 

The thorough and rapid defecation of the juice of the Sorgho and com- 
mon sugar canes, so necessary to the production of crystallizable syrup, 
can only be attained by the exposure of a shallow body of juice, through 
different degrees, up to intense heat. This is accomplished successfully by 
the Cook's Evaporator, and by no other, by moving the juice gently back 
and forth, securing thereby rapid and thorough defecation without danger 
of burning. The continued flowing of the juice keeps that in the first few 
channels comparatively cool, while it gradually becomes more intensely 
heated as it nears the finishing channels. This beautifully philosophical 
device does away with the necessity of a chain of kettles or pans, and 
makes the Cook's a complete evaporator. 

Stationary Pans. — For those preferring stationary pans, on account of 
their cheapness, to the portable evaporator, we have adapted the Cook 
evaporating pan to the brick arch, by means of one or more high ledges 
and gates, the flow of juice being regulated by the opening or closing of 
the latter, thus dispensing with rockers. 

Plantation Pans. — The large sizes of our stationary pans arc called, by 
way of distinction, plantation pans. They are designed for working up 
large quantities of cane, and are not only greatly superior in other respects 
but are far more economical than steam pans. The cost of machinery and 
expenses of running steam evaporators, are four times as great as those of 
our fire evaporators of the same capacity. The plantation pan is much 
more easily worked than the smaller pans, the finishing channels being 
thrown so far from the fire as to render it easy to reduce the juice to very 
thick syrup and with little labor in skimming. 

Steam Pans. — This consists in the Cook evaporating pan being adapted 
to steam by means of a steam chamber attached to the bottom. Coils arc 
entirely discarded so that the heat is applied as in ordinary evaporators. 



110 




Fig. 158, — Mott's Patent Farmer's Boiler. 



The above cut represents our new and improved style of Combined Fur- 
nace and Cauldron, or Farmer's Boiler, with longer and wider fire-boxes 
than the old style, and the sides of the furnace corrugated so as to give 
additional strength and to better resist the action of the heat. They are 
made to answer the same purpose as kettles set in brick, and are much 
more convenient and economical, besides being cheaper. They are portable 
and operate perfectly well out of doors, requiring merely a joint of stove- 
pipe to give the necessary draft. 

We make eight sizes, of ten, fifteen, twenty-two, thirty, fortj^-five, sixty, 
ninety, and one hundred and twenty gallons capacitj% with or without 
furnaces as may be oi-dered. 

They range in weight from one hundred and fi\e to seven hundred and 
twenty-five pounds. 

When coal is to be burned fixtures can be inserted at a small additional 
expense, but if not specified the furnace will be sent arranged for burning 
wood only. 



Ill 




Fig. 151). — Veoetablk Caulukon a.nd Steamkh. 

This is a new and patented apparatus for cooking food by steain, thougli 
useful on the farm and elsewhere for many other purposes. It is made in 
two sections, the lower one being the Cauldron, and the upper one the 
Steam Attachment. Both sections are designed to be used separately 
from, or conjointly with the stove, or on an arch, as may be preferred. 

For all indoor work, this Steamer will be found very valuable, as it is 
perfectly secured from all danger of communicating fire, and, by an im- 
proved combined vacuum and pressure safety-valve, from danger of explo- 
sion. 

The furnace is of wrought and cast iron. The cylinder, or stove, is of 
heavy boiler iron, light yet strong, and the base, jambs, flues, coal fixtures, 
etc., of cast iron, which are easily removed and cheaply replaced when 
worn out. 

Four sizes are made, to hold one, two, two and a half, and three and 
one quarter barrels, and all are sold with fixtures complete for wood. 



114 



SAUSAGE CUTTEES A^D STUFFERS. 




Fig. 162. — Meat Cutter, No. 1. 

This cuts the meat evenly and rapidly, and the knives are so secured 
that they can hardly be broken, even by the introduction of anj' foreign 
substance. 

The Hand machines are made of three sizes, either with or without the 
Iron stands. 




Fig, 1C>2a. — Meat Cutter open. 

In shipping, they are packed in boxes of a half dozen machines, measur- 
ing, for the Plain Cutters, from one to two cubic feet each box, and weigh- 
ing from thirty-five to eighty pounds. For the machines Avith stands, the 
measurement is about double that of the Plain machines, and the weight 
is from fifty-five to one hundred and twenty pounds for each box. 

Larger and heavier machines are also made of increased capacity to be 



115 

worked by hand and power, or by power only. All, however, are on the. 
same principle. 

Of the small machines, No. 1 will cut from twenty-five to fifty pounds 
per hour ; No. 2, fifty to eight}'^ pounds ; and No. 8, seventy-five to one 
hundred and fifty pounds. 

The large Cutters, of which we have five sizes, will cut from one hun- 
dred and fifty to fifteen hundred pounds per hour. 



Of this pattern 

we have six sizes, 

of which No. 0, 

the smaller, is 

made with but 

p i^o o e one tube; Nos. 1, 

Fir,. 163. — Sausage Stuffer. ' 

2, and 3, with two 

tubes. Nos. 4 and 5 are geared, the former having one and the latter 

having two tubes. 




This Sausage 
Stuffer differs very 
essentially in its 
mode of operating 
from any Stufter 
yet brought be- 
fore the public, 
and has several 
decided and very 
valuable improve- 
ments over any 
of the old-style 
machines. 
The top is made open, so that the machine can be filled without stop- 
l)ing. It is strong, compact, and durable, and made very simple in its 
parts, so that it is not liable to get out of order. 

The Family machine is made with a hopper three inches in diameter. 
The larger machines of six, eight, and ten inches diameter, are intended 
for Butchers' use. 




Fia. 1(53 A. — Family Sausaoe Stuffer. 



117 



HAY, STEAAV AT^D STALK CUTTERS. 




Fig. 165. — Si:i.F-SnAKPENiNr, Hay Cutter. 



This is a pat- 
ented article, 
m a tl e with a 
frame Hke the 
Hide Roller Cut- 
ter, but with a 
single straight 
knife which cuts 
against revolving 
flanged cylin- 
ders. 

These flanges 
vary in the dif- 
ferent sizes with 
the desired 
length of cut, 
the latter rang- 
ing from three 
eighths of an 
inch to two in- 
ches. 



The knife is stationary, and can be ground in the machine by the appli- 
cation of oil and emery and i-eversing the motion of the cylinders. 

This cutter is, like the Hide Roller, made of a great variety of sizes, the 
larger of which ai-e worked by power. 



Fig. 1G6 repre- 
sents the Hide 
Roller Cutter with 
Straight Knives, 
'! and Fig. 167 the 
same with Spiral 
Knives. Both are 
made in a great 
variety of sizes 
chiefly for hand, 
the few larger be- 
ing fitted with pul- 
ley for horse power 
when desired. 

This style of 
Cutter is in gene- 
ral use, and needs 
no description. 
Our price-list 




Fig. 166. — Hide Roller Cutter with Straight 
Knives. 



118 




Fig. 167. — Hide Roller Cutter with Spiral 
Knives. 



gives details as to 
the length of 
knivesand cut, and 
where but a small 
number of animals 
are to be provided 
for the Hide Roller 
is the best on our 
list. Any part 
can, when worn 
out, be replaced 
with case at small 
cost, and the en- 
tire machine taken 
apart and boxed 
for transportation 
and readily set up 
again. 




FiG. 168. — Cyi,im»kr IIav ami fSiAi.iv Ci ttki:. 
In capacity and price this ranks on our list between the Daniels and 



119 

medium sizes of the Hide roller cutter. It has long been favorably known 
to the farmers and dealers of the United States and in Spanish America. 
We have but one size, cutting a length of about one and a, quarter inch. 



Fig. 169. — Eureka Stalk Cutter. 

One of the best large stalk cutters on our list. 

It has four double-edged knives beveled and ground on the inside. The 
outer side is the section of a cylinder whose surface in revolving always 
touches the same straight line. In case of breaking or uneven grinding, 
therefore, the edge is not removed from the cutter bar. 

The knives are reversible, and when worn out on one edge can be turned 
and used as a new set of knives. 

Patented springs are used in connection with the cast-iron feeding rollers, 
which will give any required amount of crushing power, and break up the 
fibre of the stalks before they reach the knives, thus lessening the resist- 
ance to the latter and leaving the fodder in better condition for the animals. 

The cutter is protected from injury in over-feeding by means of finger 
gearing, which is thrown out of gear when fed too fast. 

We have four sizes ; Nos. and 1 are made for hand power only ; No. 2 



120 

for hand or horse power as may be desired ; while No. 3 is made more 
especially for horse power, but can be used by hand when necessary. 

No. is three feet in height, three and a half feet long, and weighs 
eighty pounds. No. 1 is three and a half feet high, five feet long, and 
weighs two hundred pounds. No. 2 is a little larger in measurement than 
No. 1, weighing two hundred and fifty pounds. No. 3, the largest size, is 
of the same height as No. 2, with a length of six feet and weight of nearly 
four hundred pounds. 

In this last machine the length of cut can be varied from one quarter to 
three quarters of an inch. In the other sizes it is about half an inch. 




Fiff. 170 • — Daniels' Patent Self-shakpening Fodder Cutter. 

The above cut represents our No. 1 machine. 

We have two sizes of these Cutters, and wherever a strong, reliable and 
easy cutting machine is desired, capable of doing a larger amount of work 
than any other machine of its size, they will give entire satisfaction. 

The No. 1 Cutter, with a ten-inch blade, is designed for hand power, but 
may be used with horse power. It is arranged, by a change of gears, to 
cut cither one inch or half an inch in length, as may be desired. 

The No. 2 Cutter, with a sixteen-inch blade, is designed for horse power. 



123 




N. M. & Co. Root Cutter, 

The cutting-wheel of this 
implement is made of cast 
iron, faced on one side, through 
which are inserted three knives 
like plane irons. These cut 
the vegetables in thin slices 
with great rapidity, and, by 
cross-knives, into slips of con- 
venient form and size for cattle 
or sheep to eat without danger 
of choking. The pieces, after 
cutting, lie loosely, and can 
easily be taken up by the 
animal. ' 

The machine will cut fifty 
«'?^j'«»-7T,TJ^\^ bushels per hour. 
Fig. 172. it stands about four feet 

high, and measures seventeen cubic feet when packed ; it weighs one 
hundred and fifty pounds. > 

Only one size is made, which is worked by hand. 



Wellington's Root Cutter. 
This is a new patent, with semi-circular 
steel knives arranged on the surface of a 
cone, as shown in the cut. 

Two sizes of macliines are made : No. 1, 
Mhich is intended for hand use only, has a 
hopper containing one bushel, which it will 
cut in about one minute. The frame is 
three feet in height, and the whole machine 
weighs one hundred and fifteen pounds. It 
measures eight cubic feet when packed for 
shipment. 

No. 2, which can be driven by hand but 
is intended for a light one-horse power, has 
a hopper holding four bushels of roots. 
When properly worked it will cut this quantity in about one minute. 

It weighs three hundred and seventy-five pounds and measures twenty- 
three cubic feet when packed for shipment. 

The frame is a little higher than that of the hand machine. 
Both sizes are made entirely of iron, with balance-wheels to secure 
steadiness of motion, and wilh the gearing fully protected from the roots 
or dirt. 




Fk;. 173. 



124 




APPLE-PAEEES AIS^D COFFEE- 
EOASTEES. 



This machine does its work 
rapidly and perfectly, and is 
very simple as well as durable. 

It is worked by pushing the 
crank around the table, and not 
by turning it. 

It is packed for shipment in 
boxes of a dozen each, which 
measure one cubic foot and weigh 
about thirty pounds. 



This is a well-known and very 
popular style of Parer. By 
msans of a spring, the knife 
is kept closely to the most un- 
even surface, and pares cleanly 
and quickly. 

At the end of each revolution, 
the knife is in its first position, 
ready for use again. 

It is of about the same size 
and weight as the one described 
above. 



Fig. 174. — Lichtning Apple-Pa uer. 




VlG. 1 



r.j. — Turn-Table Apple-Pakeu. 



This is a hollow cylin- 
der of cast-iron turned by 
a crank. It can be placed 
over any ordinary range 
or stove, and entirely con- 
fines the aroina of the 
roasting berry, thus great- 
ly improving the quality. 

There are two sizes, 
made of seven and of nine 
Inches diameter. 

In shipping, six ma- 

Ftg. 176.-rxl.0BT^ CoFFEE-RoASTER. ^j^j^^g ^^^ pj^^^^j -^ ^ ^OX 

measuring one and two cubic feet, and weighing seventy and ninety pounds, 
according to the size of the machine. 




125 



POETABLE WINE AT^D CIDER MILLS 
AND PRESSES. 

These enable the owner to produce sweet cider and wine at any time, 
and thus save all the apples, grapes, and other perishable fruits that would 
otherwise be lost. The product will be clean, clear, and pure, and when 
made from sound apples will remain sweet for a long time. 

In the mode of grinding they are superior to all other mills in use, first 
crushing the fruit, then grinding it into a very fine pomace without break- 
ing the seeds, and discharging directly into the press beneath, or into a 
tub or vat, to be pressed afterward. The teeth of the grinders are now so 
arranged that no apples, however large and soft, can clog or stick in them, 
and the grinding is much faster than in former mills. 

The screws are made of the very best wrought iron, with fine threads 
and nuts cut through solid metal, which render them very powerful and 
durable. 

The pressing is a very simple and easy process. 




Hutchinson's Cider and Wine 
Mill 

Will grind from six to eight bashels of 
apples, and from ten to twelve bushels 
of grapes, currants, etc., per hour. It 
is now made with wooden slats, held 
together by strong iron bolts. It is 
very neat, compact, and simple, easily 
handled by one man, and answers an 
excellent purpose for a family having 
a few barrels of cider or wine to make, 
as also for grocers, fruit-dealers, etc. 
One man can make with it from two to 
three barrels of cider, or from one hun- 
dred to one hundred and fifty gallons ot 
wine per day, while it is always ready to 
make a pitcher or pail of cider in a few 
minutes. 



Fig. 177. 



126 




Fig. 178. — Keystone Cidek Mill 

Is made in two different styles ; the old style with one tub, the new with 
two tubs and without the pomace box. 

Each style of mill occupies about two and a half feet by four feet, is 
four and a half feet high, weighs four hundred pounds, and is in every 
way portable and convenient. It is worked by horse, steam or hand 
power, and when properly managed is capable of making six to twelve 
barrels of cider a day. 

The press has an iron beam and a two-inch wrought (not cast) iron 
screw, with a heavy ^ V thread. A boy can work it with ease. 



Eureka Mill 

In external appearance and 
arrangement is like the two- 
tub Hickok, though some- 
what larger. The grinding 
apparatus is new, and its 
peculiar principle renders 
it easy to commence grind- 
ing with a full hopper, 
and to crush any size of 
apples with equal facility. 
The crushers are adjusted 
to gi'ind fine or coarse, so 
that when crushing grapes 
they will not break the seeds. 
It weighs three hundred 
and fifty p<^unds, and can be 
worked by hand or power. 




Fig. 179. 




180, — Cast-Ikcn Apple Gkindkk. 



Many persons who wish a heavier apparatus for making cider than the 
mills described on previous pages, will find in the above grinder, the best 
for a stationary mill. It will grind from sixty to seventy bushels per hour, 
and is uninjured by stones or other hard substances that may be acci- 
dentally thrown in with the fruit. The cost of wooding the Grinder will 
te from $12 to ^15. Ful\ directions for doing this are furnished with it. 



PEESSES. 




Lard, Cider, or Wine Hand Press. 

We have three sizes of these, all of 
them light and portable, but well and 
strongly made with good screws. 



Heavy Lard Press. 

This is larger and heavier than any 
of the above series, but is well repre- 
sented by the cut. 

It is made purposely for pressing 
lard, having an iron bottom with the 
same tub and beam as are used in the 
Keystone mill. 



Fig. 181. 



129 




Fig. 184. — Ingeksoll's Hay Press. 

Tliis is a well-known Press, and in more general use for pressing hay 
than any other. 

The list given below is for Presses for Hay only, but the same are made, 
with modifications, for Rags, Hides, Hair, Wool, etc., etc.. slightly differing 
in size, weight, and price. 

FOU H.\XD POWEK. 

AVeiglit of l)alc. Size of bale. Weight of Press. Mciisurcinent. 

No. 1 150 to 200 lbs 4r. x 25 x 25 in., . . . 850 lbs., ... 60 cubic ft. 

" 2, ...250 " 300 " ...49x27x28 " ...1300 "... 75 

Fob Horse Poweu. 
No. 1, . . .200 to 250 lbs., . . .40 X 25 x 25 in., ... 1900 lbs , . . .200 cubic ft. 
" 2,. ..300 "350 " ...48x20x20 " ...2600 " ...225 " 




Fig. 188. — Excelsior Churn. 

The internal arrangement of this Churn consists of two dashers, parallel 
with each other, and running in opposite directions. 

These carry the cream from the sides and surface to the centre, where 
it comes in contact with a conical arrangement rising from the bottom of 
the Churn, and is driven to the surface, thus thoroughly agitating and ex- 
posing it to the air, and producing the butter quickly and in the best pos- 
sible condition. 

By reversing the motion of the 'dashers, the butter is quickly and 
effectually separated from the buttermilk ; and, by successive changes of 
cold water, is washed without the necessity of hand labor. 

The temperature of the cream is regulated by placing hot or cold water 
in the chamber beneath the working apparatus. 

Three sizes are made: No. 1, churning from two to five gallons; No. 2, 
from three to seven gallons ; and No. 3, from three to nine gallons. 

They weigh from thirty-five to fifty pounds, according to their size. 




Fig. 189. — Lever Butter-Workek. 



This is a very simple and effective 
machine for working butter. It is 
easily cleansed, and occupies but 
little room. 

Two sizes are made, two feet and 
three feet long, weighing about 
twenty pounds. 



135 





Fig. 190. — Cylinder Churn. 



Fig. 191. — Wings or Dasher. 



This is a very favorite style of churn in use for many years in this 
country, and largely shipped to foreign markets. Five sizes are made, to 
hold from three to fifteen gallons. The larger can be fitted for power 
when necessary, though it is not too large for hand. 




This is a well-known modifi- 
cation of the Cylinder Churn, 
improved by placing a ther- 
mometer in the side, which 
indicates the temperature of 
the cream within. To make the 
greatest quantity of butter in 
the least time, this should be 
at 55° Fahrenheit at the com- 
mencement of the operation, 
and gradually rise to 63° or 
65° at which it should stand 
when the operation is con- 
cluded. A double metallic 
bottom is constructed, in 
" '~ which warm or cold water, or 

Fig. 192.— Thermometer Churn. ^^^^ j^.^ j^^y be placed, so as 

to regulate the temperature. They are one of the most important of the 
dairy improvements of the day. They are made of seven sizes, from two 
and a half to twenty-eight gallons. The latter is always fitted for power, 
and No. 5, the next size, holding fourteen and a half gallons, can be with 
advantage also so arranged if desired. 



136 



Spain's Patent Atmospheric Churn. 




This, though perfectly simple 
and not expensive, is one of our 
best churns. It is entirely free 
from the objection which is oc- 
casionally urged against the 
Thermometer churn, of the but- 
ter adhering to the metallic 
bottom and sides. 

The dashers are so made as to 
give a transverse motion to the 
cream, keeping it constantly agi- 
tated, and bringing every por- 
tion into successive contact 
with the atmosphere through the open tube in the lid. They can also 
be lifted out entire by unscrewing the handle, thus making the cleansing- 
much easier and more thorough. 

There are six sizes of this style, holding ft-om four to twenty-five gallons. 




Dash Churn. 

This is the old-fashioned style of Churn, by 
many even still preferred to the newer and more 
elaborate patterns. They are made of various 
sizos, from six to sixty gallons, and any of the 
larger numbers can be worked by power, as 
shown by Fig. 90 on page 67. 

Each size contains about a quarter more than 
the preceding one, but it should be understood 
that the capacity is twice as large as the quan- 
tity of milk that can be churned at a single 
working this kind of churn being w'orked only 
when about half full, to give room for full play 
to the dasher. 



Fig. 194. 



137 



BAEEOWS. 




Fin. 195. — Canal Barrow. 

This is the ordinary barrow in universal use for canals, railroads or mines, 
and for all rough work where a cheap and light barrow is wanted. 

The tray is of bent timber, strongly braced by strap iron bands, com- 
bining strength and lightness at but small cost and weight. For shipment 
the trays are packed in nests, the handles strapped together in one bundle, 
and the wheels and small pieces boxed. 

Each dozen, when packed, measures thirty-two cubic feet, weighing six 
hundred pounds. 




Fig. 190. — Garden Barrow. 

We make these of three sizes, the smallest being intended for boys' or 
ladies' use. They are made with a single or double iron brace, at a slight 
dift'erence in cost. 

The cut represents the double-braced barrow. In shipment, the sides 
are removed and packed in bundles. In this shape each barrow of the 
largest size measures about twenty -five cubic feet and weighs sixty pounds. 



153 




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156 



€oTTON Cart. — (See Fig. 224.) 

For the convenience of our friends who are engaged in the cultivation 
of cotton, we have built this cart with raised sides, somewhat in the same 
style as the Bagasse Cart and Bagasse Wagon, and recommend its use in 
this form, not only for carrying cotton, but all other materials that are 
bulky in proportion to their weight. 




Fig. 225. — Water Barrel. 

The size shown in the cut contains forty gallons, and "is made with or 
without faucet, as may be ordered. It is, however, generally emptied by 
swinging on the centre. 

It will be found very useful for farms, gardens, or for household pur- 
poses. 

It weighs one hundred and thirty-five pounds, and has wheels four feet 
high, with tires one and a quarter inches wide. 



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159 



Dray Cart.— (See Fig. 227.) 

This is the usual pattern of Cart used in this city, made either with or 
without springs, and with or without the arrangement for dumping. 

The usual size has a body eight feet long, three and a half feet wide, 
with four feet wheels. 

It weighs twelve hundred and seventy pounds, and will carry two tons, 
or as much as a single animal can draw. 



WAGOI^S. 




Fig. 228.— Farm Wagon. 

Our Farm and Road Wagons, for one, two, or more horses, are made 
of various weights, strength, size, ibrm, and finish, from a hght one-horse 
I'arm and road wagon, to the large and heavy wagon, suitable for carrying 
three or four tons, and requiring four to six horses to draw it. They are 
made with low wheels for smooth, and high for rough roads; with narrow 
and heavy tires for stony, and broad and light tires for wet, clayey, and 
sandy roads. 

In our usual size of this Wagon, the body is ten feet long by three and 
a third feet wide, and fifteen inches deep. The front wheels are three feet 
ten inches high and the rear four and a half feet. 

Its entire weight is about eight hundred pounds. 



165 



FEED EACKS, MAI^^GERS, ETC. 




Fig. 232a.— Pig Though. Fig. 232b. — Ki.tui.NG Bag. 

Fig. 232a.— Cast-Iron Pig Trough. 

Its construction prevents the larger animals from putting their feet in 
the food, and from interfering with the smaller and weaker ones. 
It weighs one hundred and ten pounds. 

Fig. 282b. — Feeding Bag for Horses. 

This is a patented article, and a great improvement over the usual style, 
both in its convenience to the animal and in its economj' of the food. 




Fig. 233.— Manger. Fig. 233a.— Rack. 

These Mangers and Racks are easily cleaned, are proof against destruc- 
tion by crib-biters, and will not communicate any maladies from diseased 
animals. 

We have them of all sizes and shapes, to suit the different positions in 
• which they are to be placed. 



166 



LAUT^DEY MAGHIKES. 




Fig. 234. 



Fig. 235. 



Nonpareil Washing Macoine. ' 

This machine does the work of cleansing the clothes by the direct 
pressure of the plungers, B B. The operation is so simple that the least 
skillful person may perforin it, and as the clothes are not rubbed or 
strained, the most delicate fabric cannot be injured. A girl or boy can 
work the machine effectively, and it may be relied on to cleanse the cloth- 
ing thoroughly without assistance from hand-rubbing. It performs the 
work with neatness, and there is no splashing of suds over the box. 

For washing wool, these machines are unrivaled. 

The No. 1 Hand machine occupies a ground space of six square feet, 
and will wash at one time the bulk of five shirts ; the No. 2 occupies eight 
square feet, and will wash eight shirts ; the No. 3 occupies ten square feet, 
and will wash twelve shirts. The No. 1 is for light family work ; the 
No. 2 is suitable for general use ; and the No. 3 for use in large families 
and institutions in which there is no steam power. 

The shipping measurement of No. 1 is seven cubic feet ; of No. 2, nine 
cubic feet ; of No. 3, twelve cubic feet. 

Fig. 235 shows the machine with the Wringer attached. 

The Large Laundry machine occupies a ground space of thirty square 
feet. It has four plungers, which move two and two, alternately, requires 
about one-horse power to drive it, and will wash, with one attendant, two 
hundred and fifty to three hundred pieces of clothing per hour. It may 
be worked either by steam or horse-power, and when a roller-wringer is 
attacheJ, both are operated by a counter-shaft suspended overhead. 



169 



REFEIGEEATOES Al^D FEEEZERS. 




256. — American Refkigerator. 



This is made 
of five sizes, 
as shown in 
tlie table be- 
low, of wood 
grained like 
oak, lined with 
zinc and filled 
with charcoal. 

The shelves 
are of galvan- 
ized wire, and 
the faucet is 
handsomely 
plated with sil- 
ver. The cut 
shows the 
Refrigerator 
open, and the 



size, 

It 

than 



shape, and position of the ice-box, with the opening at the top. 
keeps all the articles perfectly dry, and with less consumption of ice 
any other Refrigerator we know. 

Height. Weight. 

. . 32 inches, .... 135 pounds. 
..34 " ....145 " 

..36 " 180 " 

..38 " ....195 " 
..40 " 225 " 



No. 

1,. 

2,. 
3,. 

4,. 
5,. 



Length. Depth. 

.36 inches, 20 inches, 

.39 " ...21 

.42 " 22 " 

.45 " ....23 
.48 " .....24 " 





Fig. 257. — Ice-Cream Freezer. 



This is the only 
Freezer made with a 
revolving can and 
spring blade scraper, 
a combination which 
. hastens the freezing 
of the cream by remov- 
ing it to the centre as 
fast as it freezes on the 
outer edge. It is sim- 
ple in construction, 
rapid in its operation, 
and economical in its 
consumption of ice. 



170 



SCALES. 



Portable Platform Scale, 

Made of eleven sizes, and weighing from 
three hundred to four thousand pounds. 

Those weighing up to three hundred 
pounds, by quarters, are well adapted to 
the wants of small grocers. 

Those weighing up to six and ten hun- 
dred pounds, by quarters, are adapted to 
those doing a more extensive business. 

The twelve, fifteen, and twenty hundred 
pounds scales, weighing by halves, are 
well calculated for wholesale grocers. 

The three largest sizes, which weigh from 
twenty-five hundred to four thousand 
pounds, by halves, are extensively used 
by ship-chandlers, founders, and on board of steamers. 

We have them plain, on wheels, with axle and extra large wheels and 
with brace and lever. 




Fig. 258. 




Iron Scale, 

Weighing from three thousand 
to four thousand pounds. This 
is extensively used by iron 
merchants and founders, and 
being made expressly for heavy 
work, can be relied upon for 
durability and accuracy. 



lis 



EOOT AND STUMP PULLEES. 




Fig. 266. — Root Puller. 



This is a very useful 
implement for extract- 
ing roots, bushes, etc. 

It is made with two, 
three, or four claws, of 
any size or weight de- 
sired. 

The usual weights 
of these pullers are, for 
the two-pronged, thirty 



pounds ; for the three-pronged, forty pounds ; and for the four-pronged, 
sixty pounds. 




Fig. 267. — Light Stump Puller. 

This is the only good cheap Stump machine in use, and for light work 
is confidently recommended to the trade, and to all needing such an imple- 
ment. 

It consists of a strong frame, with four corner posts, about seven feet 
long, framed together at the top and spread outward at the bottom, with 
the lower ends framed into strong cross-pieces, which rest on the ground. 
At each end are two handles, with which two men can easily carry it from 
place to place. Two bars of iron, having notches in one side, are let down 
from the top of the frame, and the lower ends are secured by bolts to a 



174 



long horizontal lever. A strong chain is hitched around the stump, or, it 
it is too short, a pair of heavy iron forcep-dogs are made fast to the stump, 
rock, or whatever is to be lifted, and the lever worked up and down, like 
a pump-handle, lifting one of the notched bars about one inch, when an 
iron pawl falls into the notch, and holds all that is gained in lifting. 
When the opposite end of the lever goes up, the other notched bar rises 
one notch, and is held by the pawl. This operation is continued till the 
stump is extracted. 

In localities where the timber is heavy and stumps very large, this hand 
machine is not sufficiently powerful to take out large stumps which re- 
quire an effective force, adequate to raise twenty or thirtj^ tons, but two 
men with it can pull any ordinary stump, or lift rocks of five or six tons 
weight. 




Fig. 268. — Willis's Patent Stump Puller. 

This is a simple single-lever power, having chains so arranged in connec- 
tion with it that the resistance it is capable of overcoming is made to 
depend, not upon the strength of the team, but upon the time it works. 
Thus, a team that would overcome a resistance of ten tons in one minute, 
would overcome a resistance of a hundred tons in ten minutes. 

It is secured to one anchor stump, in a central point, and turns upon 
such anchor, without change of fastening, till a large space of ground is 
cleared quickly, and with but little labor, as compared with the work done. 
The machine is equally well adapted to clearing land of large stones, pull- 
ing them from their resting-place, and lifting them high enough to place a 
cart or stone-boat under, and then depositing the stone on the vehicle, for 
removal from the field. It is also advantageously employed in the moving 
of buildings and in the construction of roads, by removing trees, stumps, 
stones, and other obstructions from the route. 

We have three sizes of this machine, which weigh from twelve hundred 
to nineteen hundred pounds. They are designated as Nos. 1, 2, and 3 ; 
the rods being three quarters of an inch, seven eighths of an inch, and 
one inch in diameter, and made of the best wrought iron. 



175 




Fio. 272. — Dirt Scraper, or Ox Shovel. 

This is drawn by a team of horses or oxen, for carrying away earth and 
scooping out ditches, drains, and any excavations. 

It is made of three sizes, with wood or iron backs, and weighs from 
seventy-five to one hundred and thirty pounds. We call particular atten- 
tion to the improvement in the pattern of our Scrapers, and to the peculiar 
patented clevis which we put on all of them- 




Fio. 273. — Post-Hole Auger. 

These are designed for boring holes in the ground, of dimensions suited 
to posts of any required sizes. They lift the soil from the hole as it is 
bored, without the necessity of using a spade or post-spoon. 

Eight sizes of these Augers are made of from five to twelve inches 
diameter. 

We have still another style, nine inches in diameter, made of steel, and 
of a peculiar construction, which is patented. It is much lighter than the 
ordinary cast and wrought-iron auger. 



177 

GETI^DSTOJSrES. 




Family Grindstone. 

We have these of nine sizes 
of from ^ix to fourteen inches 
diameter. The stones are of 
best Berea grit. 

The frames are of cast iron. 



Fig. 276. 




Farm Grindstone. 

This figure represents a 
Grindstone hung on rollers 
and turned by a crank on one 
side and a treadle on the 
Other. The treadle arrange- 
ment is designed more par- 
ticularly for the sharpening 
of small tools without the aid 
of a second person to turn, 
the grinder operating the 
stone by his foot upon the 
Fio. 277. treadle. 

The fixtures are very durable, and save much friction and labor in turn- 
ing the stone. 

The grindstones vary in diameter from eighteen inches to three feet, and 
in weight from forty to two hundred pounds. The width of face is from 
two to three and a half inches. They are all of the best Berea grit, and 
hung with the fixtures shown in the cut below. 

We have also constantly on hand stones of all sizes and kinds, without 
frames or fixtures. 

Fig. 278 represents a 
Grindstone Shaft, Crank, 
Rollers and Roller Covers. 
To the arbor is attached a 
fixed and loose flange; the 
stone is placed against the 
fixed flange and held firmly 
Fig. 278.— Grindstone Fixtures. between the two by a large 

screw nut, which works on a screw cut round the arbor, forcing the stone 
and loose flange against the tight one. In this way the stone is not liable 
to get out of place, and the liability to split, by the force of wedges used 
to confine the stone on the common arbor, is entirely avoided. 




ns 



WAGO]^ JACKS. 




Fig. 278a. — Light Carriage Jack. Fig. 279.— Heavy Truck Jack. 




These are very simple and con- 
venient instruments for raising cart, 
wagon, or carriage bodies, to remove 
the wheels for greasing, washing, 
etc. 

The Jack shown by Fig. 278a is 
designed for carriages and light 
wagons. It is made of three sizes, 
all of iron. Nos. 1 and 2 are pack- 
ed for shipment in boxes of six 
each. No. 3 in boxes of four each. 

The Wooden Jack, Fig. 279, is 
made very strong, and designed for 
raising heavy trucks, wagons, etc., 
for which it is better adapted than 
the lighter iron Jacks. 

Fig. 280 represents the Iron Jack, 
made at our own factory, on a new 
Jjrinciple. It is light, yet strong 
enough for the heaviest work. 

Only one size is made, which will 
raise from twenty-six to thirty 
inches. 



Fig. 280.— Iron Jack. 



179 



BEE IIIYES AKD COW MILKEES. 



Langstroth's Movable 
Comb Bee Hive. 

The principle on which 
this Hive is constructed 
has proved to be the best, 
and in fact essential to the 
highest success in bee- 
keeping. 

The capacity for the 
storage of the surplus 
honey is very great in pro- 
portion to the size .of the 
Hive, and by the use of 
movable hone3'-boxes, in 
which the bees deposit 
their first honey made, the 
owner can always secure 
it in clean and freshly- 
made comb, and to any 
extent he desires. 




Fig. 280. 



A double set of honey-boxes is sent with each Hive. 
But one size is made, which, in shipping order, measures six cubic feet, 
and weighs fifty-five pounds. 




This machine, which is now com- 
ing into general use in certain sec- 
tions of our own country, but prin- 
cipally abroad, is made from new 
patterns, and greatly improved upon 
those which we first sent out. 

The oneration is a very simple one, 
and consists only in w'orking back 
and forth the movable handle. 
The action upon the teats is similiir to that of the human hand. 
The frame is of iron, strong tlio;igh light, and the tubes are of india- 
rubber. It weighs five pounds, and is one foot in length. 



Fig. 281.— Hand Cow Milkeu. 



180 



PUMPS. 




This is the ordinary Suction 
Pump, for raising water from any 
depth not greater than twenty-five 
feet. It is made with a revolving 
stand, so that the handle can be 
turned in any direction, and is un- 
screwed from the top of the flange 
above the platform, so that access 
is easily gained to the lower valve 
and inside of the pump without de- 
taching the pipes or platform. It 
has a screw coupling and brass tube 
for more readily and securely con- 
necting the lead pipe. Proper coup- 
lings for WTOught-iron pipe will be 
furnished when specially ordered. 

The water can be let oflF at 
pleasure. 

This style of Pump cannot be 
used close to a wall or in a corner, 
as the handle and spout will inter- 
fere while being screwed into place. 
For such positions, the Pump with 
the Improved Connection, as de- 
scribed on page 181, is preferable. 

Seven sizes of the Revolving Stand 
Pump are made, Nos. to 6, with 
a capacity of from six to thirty 

gallons per minute, needing pipe of from three quarters of an inch to two 

and a quarter inches diameter, according to the size of the pump and the 

height to which the water is to be raised. 

They are made of iron or brass, the latter being much more expensive. 
Nos. 2 and 3 arc sometimes made with two lifting-rods instead of one. 
For the calculation of freights, we would add that these Pumps weigh 

from fifteen to fifty pounds each, according to size, and are packed in hogs. 

heads containing from forty Pumps of No. to twelve Pumps of No. 6, 

the largest size. 



Pro. 282. — Revolving Stand 
Pump. 



193 



GAEDEISr AND FIEE-EI^J'GrN'ES ETC. 




Fx(3. 2'JG. — Garden Syringe. 

These are of various materials and sizes. The cut shows the Sorby 
brass Syinnge, made with the ordinary plain jet and with two roses of 
different sized holes, which are attached to the sides of the Syringe when 
not in use. This is made of three sizes, either with or without the side- 
screws. 

The "F. & M." Syringe is somewhat similar, and equally good, with two 
roses and the ordinary jet, the former of which are attached to the Syringe. 

Both of the above are made with and without the air-pipe, which adds 
to the discharging force of the instrument. 

We have also Syringes of Britannia metal and of tin, much cheaper in 
price. 




Fig. 297.— Watering Pot. 

Our Watering Pots are of five sizes, holding three, six, ten, twelve, and 
sixteen quarts. 

They are well and strongly made, and tastefully painted. 



194 




Fig. 298. — Aquarhis. 



Fig. 299. — Greenhouse 
Engine. 



Fig. 298. — Aquarius. 

This is a small and easily managed apparatus for washing windows, etc., 
and for watering purposes in general. Its portability renders it useful 
when more bulky engines could not be readily used. 

It weighs only eight pounds, and will throw eight gallons of water per 
minute to a distance of fifty feet. 



Fig. 299. — GREENnousE Engine. 

This is used for the same purposes as the Aquarius, but the working 
apparatus is set in a pail of galvanized iron, with a projecting piece on 
which the operator places his foot to hold the engine steady. 

It will hold four gallons, and weighs twenty pounds. 



195 




This is a small double-acting 
"Water Engine, of recent invention, 
useful for the same purposes as the 
Aquarius and Greenhouse Engine. 
It will throw eight gallons of 
water per minute, perpendicularly, 
thirty-five feet, or fifty feet horizon- 
tally, and can be used with any 
length of hose. 

The working parts are of copper 
and composition metal. The cylin- 
ders are one and three quarter 
inches in diameter, with five inches 
of stroke. The plungers are con- 
structed with due regard to expan- 
sion, and may be easily adjusted if 
worn. 

Each machine is supplied with a 
sprinkler and hose, to be used with 
a tub to hold the water, though extra jets or hose can be furnished if de- 
sired. 

It weighs twenty -five pounds, and occupies a space two feet square by 
three feet high. 



==^=_l -(11^ M5,0^ 



Fig. 300. — Oepuydrion. 



"We have all varieties of Coupling for 
India-Rubber and for Leather Hose. 

The cut shows the ribbed coupling for 
India-Rubber hose, which we have of 
sixteen sizes, from one half to six inches. 
Plain Hose Coupling is usually made 
of twelve sizes, up to three inches diameter. Suction Hose Coupling is 
usually made of eleven sizes, up to six inches diameter. 
Strainers for the bottom of a suction hose are of four sizes. 
The above sizes are those usually kept in stock, though any other size 
can be made that may be ordered. 




HosE Coupling. 



196 




Fig. 302. — Plain Garden Engine 

This Engine draws the water from the box, which must be filled as often 
as emptied. 

It will throw a steady stream to a height of fifty feet. 

It can be fitted with the usual plain jet, or with a sprinkler. 

The box contains about thirty gallons of water, and the whole engine 
measures, in shipping order, about nine cubic feet, weighing one hundred 
and eighty pounds. 

The cut shows the wood-handle Engine, though it is also made with iron 
handles. 



2C1 




Fig. 307.— Water Ram. 



This is a very simple, efficient, 
and durable machine for raising 
water to almost any height, or 
carrying it any distance, pro- 
vided a sufficient fall can be ob- 
tained. It furnishes a constant 
and regular supply without any 
care or attention. It is perfectly 
applicable where no more than 
eighteen inches fall can be had, 
yet the greater the fall applied, 
the more powerful the operation 
of the machine, and the higher 
the water may be conveyed. 
The relative proportions between 
the water raised and wasted are 
dependent entirely upon the 
relative height of the spring or source of supply above the Ram, and the 
elevation to which it is required to be raised. The distance to which the 
water has to be conveyed, and consequent length of pipe, have some bear- 
ing on the quantity discharged by the Ram, as the longer the pipe through 
which the water has to be forced by the machine, the greater the friction 
to be overcome, and the more the power consumed in the operation. It 
is common, however, to apply the ram for conveying the water distances 
of one and two hundred rods, and up elevations of one and two hundred 
feet. Ten feet fall from the spring or brook to the ram is abundantly 
sufficient for forcing the water to any elevation less than one hundred 
and fifty feet in height above the level of the point where the ram is lo- 
cated, and the same ten feet fall will raise the water to a much higher 
point than the above last named, although in a diminished quantity in pro- 
portion as the height is increased. More than ten feet fall is not desirable, 
the wear on the Ram being too great. 

We have seven sizes of this Ram, varying in weight from twenty to 
seven hundred pounds, and in shipping measurement, from one to eighteen 
cubic feet. 



202 



WATEE DEAWEES. 




Fig. 308. 



Chain Pump. 



Fio. 309. 



The cut fully shows the operation of this very simple and efficient Pump. 

The lower end of the tubing is placed a short distance above the bottom 
of the well, and the water is drawn up by the flat discs, or buckets at- 
tached at intervals to the chain. 



204 




This is a pattern of 
"Water Drawer recently 
introduced, and the best 
on our list. 

It combines some fea- 
tures not found in others, 
and is, in every respect, 
a valuable fixture for 
wells. 

The special points of 
superiority are the per- 
fect control, by the bal- 
ance-wheel and lever, of 
the descending motion 
of the bucket, whether 
filled or empty ; while, 
by giving the crank a 
quarter turn, the shaft 
revolves and the bucket 
descends into the well 
independent of the crank. 
The latter can never turn 
to strike a person while 
the bucket descends. 

The operation of this Curb is entirely independent of any springs what- 
ever, and not liable to get out of order. 

It is about four feet high, and weighs about one hundred pounds. 



Fig. 313. — Water Drawer. 



207 

LADDEES. 




Fig. 318. — Folding Ladder. 
This is so constructed that it can be folded when not in use. The cut 
shows a ladder open and when closed. The rungs are fastened by pivots 
at both ends, on which they freely turn ; and when the ladder is folded, 
they are admitted into the side pieces by means of grooves. They may 
be made of any length, but beyond twelve feet are not considered safe. 





Fig. 319. — Fruit Ladder. 

This style is made at our own 
works, and intended solely for 
use in gardens, vineyards, or 
orchards. 

Four sizes are made, of six, 
eight, ten, and twelve feet length. 

Patent Step Ladder. 

This is a light yet strong Step 
Ladder for the household and 
library, or for the garden and 
orchard. 

Various sizes are made, of pine, varying from three to ten feet, and 
weighing from ten to thirty pounds. 

Four sizes are made of black walnut, from three to seven feet long, and 
a small size is made particularly for library use, with and without carpet- 
ing on the steps. 



Fig. 320.— Patknt Step Ladder. 



209 



BAEOMETEES, ETC. 



Portable Barometers. 

The cuts show two simple and 
inexpensive Barometers, though we 
can furnish any other style that 
may be required. 

They are made of fine woods, 
higlily finished, about three feet in 
length, mounted with metallic plates 
and glass doors over the faces. 
They weigh from four to six pounds 
each. 

No. 2 is put in a neatly-turned 
maple or cherry-wood case, hand- 
somely varnished, with a semi-circu- 
lar glass face, and is mounted with 
Vernier scale and thermometer. 

No. 1 Plain has a highly-polished 
black walnut case, Vernier scale, 
thermometer, and index. 

No. 1 Ornamental is similar to 
No. 1 Plain, but with extra orna- 
ments, and is cased in oak. 

No. is similar to No. 1 Orna- 
mental, but made with a rosewood 
case and extra fittings throughout. 



Fig. 325.— No. 2. Fig. 32G— No. 1. 




Fig. 327. — Dynamometer, for testing the Draft op Plows, 
Harvesting Machines, etc. 

The above cut represents the best cheap American Dynamometer. It is 
equally reliable with the imported instruments ; is more simple and costs 
but half as much. By means of its double index, the draft is easily and 
accurately determined. 



210 



YOKES, CHAINS, ETC. 




Fig. 32y.— Ox Yoke. 

The cut shows the usual pattern, though we have others, and can make 
yokes of any shape desired. 

Five different sizes are made, of the dimensions given below : 

No. 1, . . . . 7 in. on the neck, by 19 in. between the bows. 

•J, .... I .J -lU 



" 3,.. 
" 4,.., 
" 5,.. 



21 
22 
23 




Fia. 330.— Spanish Ox Yoke. 

This is made for one or for two animals, and generally of the pattern 
shown in the cut, though other forms can be had if specially ordered. 




Fig. 331. — Trace Chain, with Ring. 

We have these Chains of three different sizes or weights— light, medium, 
and heavy, and with straight or with twisted links. They are about nine 
feet long, and are made with rings or with hooks, the latter being the more 
usual style. 



Ox Chains. 

These are nine feet long and of three weights — light, mediurj, and 
heavy. Chains of any other length will be furnished to order. 



211 



Log or Rock Chain. 



These are about sixteen feet long, with a short heavy link, particularly 
adapted for drawing timber or rocks by oxen. 




Fig. 333. 



Pipe Boxes, 



The smaller cut shows the ordinary style, for iron axles. The large ones 
are made to order, and are generally used for large carts with wooden axles. 
In ordering, specify the dimensions of the wheel-hub. 




Fig. 335. — Whiffletrees. 

These are single and double, and of various sizes and materials, varyinj 
in length from twenty-eight to thirty-six inches 





Fig. 336.— Halter Snap. 



Fig. 837.— Cattle Tie. 



Fig. 336. — Halter or Rein Snap. 

We have these of various sizes and patterns, made of heavy iron wire 
or of malleable iron, with round or oval rings. 

In ordering, the use for which they are designed should be specified, 
that a suitable size may be sent. 



Fig. 337.— Cattle Tie. 

For fastening cattle in their stalls. The large ring goes over a stationary 
round post set up by the manger, and the chain is fastened to the horns. 

The ring slides up and down the post as the animal moves its head in 
feeding or otherwise, or when getting up and lying down. 



212 




Fig. 341. 



Collar and Haimes. 

These are for ordinary farm or planta- 
tion use, of different sizes for horses or 
mules. 

They vary in cost according to their 
material and finish, but all are strong and 
well made. 

In ordering, specify the quality desired 
and the purpose for which they are in- 
tended. 



WIRE FEKOII^G. 



^, 



These possess seve- 
ral prominent advan- 
tages — economy of 
room, economy in ex- 
pense, economy in re- 
pair, durability, and 
tastefulness. Wher- 
ever timber is not ab- 
solutely without value, 

a wire fence is cheaper than the commonest zig-zag or Virginia-worm fence. 

It costs less than laying a stone wall. The expense of keeping in repair 

is less than that of any hedges, fence, or wall, unless the latter is of the 

most massive kind, and it occupies no room. 

To answer the numerous inquiries for the weight and sizes of wire, 

annealed and properly prepared for fences, we append the following table. 
All the sizes are sold in bundles of sixty -three pounds each. 



Fig. 342. — Wire Fencing. 





Diameter in 


AVeight 


Weight 




hundredths of 


per 


per 




an inch. 


lineal rod. 


lineal mile. 


No. 1, 


0.32 


4 lbs. 2 oz. 


1321 lbs. 


" 2, 


0.30 


3 ' 


10 " 


1166 " 


" 3, 


0.27 


2 ' 


15 " 


944 " 


" 4, 


0.25 


2 ' 


8 " 


809 " 


" 5, 


0.24 


2 ' 


5 " 


746 " 


" 6, 


0.22 


1 ' 


15 " 


627 " 


" 7, 


0.20 


1 ' 


9 " 


518 " 


" 8, 


0.18 


1 ' 


4 " 


419 " 


" 9, 


0.16 


1 ' 


" 


331 " 


" 10, 


0.15 


' 


14 " 


291 " 


" It, 


0.13 


' 


10 " 


219 " 


" 12, 


0.13 


' 


9 " 


186 " 


." V6, 


0.10 


« 6 " 


129 " 



214 



YAKES AND OAEDIiSTAL POINTS. 

These Vanes are all of copper, heavily gilt. They will not corrode, but 
preserve their lustre for years, and are perfect indicators of the wind. 

The designs shown are but a small portion of such as we keep con- 
stantly on hand, special illustrated lists of which will be furnished on 
application. 




Fig. 340. — Cocii. 



Fig. 847. — Eagle. 



Fig. 346 is made of four sizes— No. 10, which is sixteen by eighteen 
inches; No. 17, nineteen by twenty-four inches; No. 17^, twenty-six by 
twenty-eight inches; and No. 18, thirty -two by thirty inches. 

Fig. 347 is made of eight sizes, from twelve inches to six feet spread. 




Fig. 348.— Plow. 



Fig. 349.— Arkow. 



The usual size of Fig. 348 is No. 10, thirty-two by fifty-seven inches. 
The Dart Vane, Fig. 349, is made of twelve sizes, from one foot to eight 
feet lona:. 



Points of the Compass. 

These are made with the usual letters, or with those used in any other 
language than English, as may be specified. 

The letters and balls are of a composition metal, heavily gilt, and will 
not rust. The spires on which the vanes turn are of wrought iron, with 
steel points. 



215 



DRAm TILE, TOOLS, ETC. 



Fig. 350.— Round Tile. 




Fig. 351. — IIokse-Siioe Tii.; 




Fu 



-Sole Tile. 



Drain Tiles are made of various patterns, though the cuts represent the 
most usual styles. 

The Round Tile is made of four different diameters — one and a half, 
two, two and a half, and three inches. 

The Sole Tile is made of five different calibres — two, three, four, five, 
and six inches ; while the ITorse-Shoe Tile is made of six sizes, from two 
and a half to seven and a half inches in diameter respectively. 

All of the above are thirteen inches long. We have also large tile or 
pipe of from four to fifteen inches diameter, for house-drains, sewers, etc. 



Drain-Tile Machine. 



For those who use large quantities of Tile we furnish a machine, easily 
managed by two men, that will turn out in one day four thousand pieces 
of two-inch Round Tile, and in that proportion of other sizes. 

With this machine we also furnish the necessary mill for grinding the 
clay, easily worked by one liorse with a man to manage it. These two 
machines and the moulds constitute all that is requisite for the manufacture 
of drain tile. 



216 



DRAINING TOOLS. 




Fig. 354. 



Fig. 355. 



Fig. 356. 



Fig. 357. 



These are strong, and especially intended for digging and clearing out 
drains and ditches. 

There are five sizes of Spades, with blades varying from fifteen and a 
half inches to twenty inches long, and from two and a half to six inches 
wide at the end. 



217 




Fig. 359. Drain Scoops. Fig. 360. 



Fig. 361.— Tile Layer. 



Fig. 359 and 360. — Drain Scoops, 

The Scoops are concave or flat, as may be desired, fifteen inches long by 
three inches wide, and of two patterns, one to draw and the other to push. 
The cuts show the latter. 

We sell all the above either in sets or by the single piece. 



Fig. 861.— Tile Layer. 

This is of steel, with a wooden handle, for laying the tile in place in 
the drain. 

Its use renders the labor of draining much less^ besides insuring greater 
comfort to the laborer in cold weather. 



218 



TOOL CHESTS. 







Fig. 363. — Carpenter's Tool Chest. 

We have these Chests of five sizes, all highly polished, with brass trim- 
mings and lifting handles, with partitions and drawers to contain each 
article. 

The Tools vary in number from forty-four in the Boy's chest to one 
hundred and twenty-eight in the Mechanic's chest. They are all of the 
best quality, and are sharpened for immediate use. 

When complete and ready for shipment, they weigh from forty to two 
hundred and sixty pounds, according to size, and measure from one to 
twelve cubic feet. 

In addition to the above, we have four different sizes of M'hat are called 
Juvenile Tool Chests for Children, containing from eight to twenty Tools, 
put up in neatly varnished boxes, with hinges, lifting handles, and locks. 



219 




Fifi. 364. 



Horticultural Tool 
Chest. 

We have two sizes of these, 
both made from the best mate- 
rials throughout and highly pol- 
ished, with brass trimmings and 
lifting handles, with partitions 
and drawers to contain each 
article. 

The tools requiring a long 
handle are all made to fit with 
screws into an improved screw- 
jointed handle, jointed in lengths 
to fit the Chest. 

The Horticultural Chest, as 
the larger size is called, is two 
cubic feet in measurement, con- 
tains twenty - one Tools, and 
weighs fifty pounds. 



This size contains drawers, with partitions for seeds, garden gloves, etc. 
The smaller, or Garden Chest, contains sixteen tools and weighs thirty 
pounds. 




Fig. 3Co. — Ladies' and Children's Garden Set. 

These are small and cheap Tools, but sufficiently strong for light work. 
They are either japanned or polished. 



220 



ICE TOOLS. 



The Tools represented below comprise nearly all those now used by the 
large Ice companies of our Northern States, and where much ice is to be 
gathered all will be found useful. For Farmers, or others who gather only 
for their own use, the Marker, Plane, and large Plow can be dispensed 
with, though even these will save their cost in a single winter if purchased 
by a Farmers' club, and used in turn by the diflfere^it members. 




Fig, 367. — Ice Makkek. 

This is a modification of the Plow, and is intended for laying oflf the 
surface of ice preparatory to its being cut by the Plow. 

It is five and a half feet long, cutting grooves two and three quarter 
inches deep. Its weight is one hundred and twenty-five pounds. 




Fig. 308.— Ice Plow. 

This follows the Marker, is five feet long, cuts two inches at each furrow, 
and is drawn by one horse. 

Five sizes are made — six, seven, eight, ten, and twelve inches — weighing 
from sixty to one hundred pounds. 



221 




Fig. 369. — Plow with Guide. 

This is a Marker and Plow combined, and is used where the amount of 
work to be done will not justify the use of both instruments. 
Three sizes are made — six, seven, and eight inches. 




Fig. 370.— Snow Plane. 

For planing off the surface snow and dirty ice, the sides running in the 
grooves made by the Marker. 

It is three and a half feet long, has a twenty-two inch planing knife, 
which is raised or lowered by screws, and has a seat for the driver. 

It weighs eighty pounds. 




Fig. 371.— Ice Saw, 

I 

To make an opening and cut out the ice where the striking-under bar 
cannot be used. 
It varies in length from four feet to six feet 



222 






Fig. 372.— Gkapple. 



Fig. 378.— Hatchet. Fig. 374.— Hand Tongs. 



Fig. 372.— Grapple. 
To take the ice from the water for loading. 

Fig. 373. — Hatchet. For Carriers' use. 

Fig. 374.— Hand Tongs. 
These are for Ice Carriers, and made of various sizes. 




Fig. 875.— Hand Plow. 



Fig. 376. — Hoisting TongS. 



Fig. 375. — Hand Plow. 
This is two feet in length, and is used for cutting large cakes or thin ice. 

Fig. 876. — Hoisting Tongs. 
To raise ice for packing in the ice-house. They weigh twenty pounds. 



Fig. 377. — Striking-off Bar. 



Fig. 378.— Chisel Bar. 



Fig. 377. — Striking-off Bar. 
For separating the ice after being grooved. 

Fig. 378.— Chisel Bar. 
To be used in packing away in the ice-house, and for general use in the 



field. 



223 



Fig, 379. — Stkiking-under Bar. Fig. 380. — Hook Chisel. 

Fig. 379, — Strii:ing-undek Bar. 



For separating the cakes by striking from below. 

Fig. 380.— Hook Chisel. 
For splitting and handling ice-cakes. 



Fig. 381. — Splitting Chisel. Fig. 382.— Ice Hook. 

Fig, 381.— Splitting Chisel. 
A light bar for general use in the ice field. 

Fig. 382. — Ice Hook. For handling ice. 



228 



AXES AND HATCHETS. 




Fig. 402. 
"Ohio," No. 201. 



Fig. 403. Fig. 404. 

Boys', No. 214 TyRPESTiNE, No. 208. 



Fig. 402.—" Ohio," No. 201. 
Weights vary from two and a half to six and three quarter pounds. 

Fig. 403.— Boys', No. 214. 
We have two sizes only of this pattern for Boys' use. 



Fig. 404.— Turpentine, No. 208. 
Weights vary from four and a half to six and a half pounds. 



231 





Fig. 414. 
Claw Hatchet. 



Fig. 415. 
Lathing Hatchet. 



Fig. 416. 
Shingling Hatchet. 



All the above three patterns are made of three sizes, and are packed in 
cases of from two to four dozen each. 



232 



PICK MATTOCKS. 




Fig. 419. — Short Cctter Mattock, No. 215. 




Fig. 420. — Long Cutter Mattock, No. 216. 




Fig. 421.— Pick Mattock, No. 224. 

All the above are made ot one size only, and weighing four, six, and 
six and a halt pounds respectively. 



234 



rOEKS. 



The Forks, of which cuts are given below, constitute only a small portion 
of our stock, but are the patterns in most general use. 

They are made of various qualities, with short handles generally, though 
for light work, such as handling loose hay or straw litter, the four-tined 
forks are generally made with a straight handle four and a half to five feet 
in length. 



HAY AND GRAIN FORKS. 




Fig. 426. — Two-tined Hay Fork. Fig. 427. — Three-tined Hat Fork. 

These are of the best tempered steel, round or eel tined, with strap or 
plain ferrules and ash handles, five, six, and seven feet long. 



236 



MANTJRE FORKS. 





Fig. 432. 



Fig. 433. 




RouND-TiNEi) OB Eel-Tined Manure Forks. 



The cuts represent equally well the round and the eel-tined Forks, the 
latter deriving their name from their being compressed laterally like the 
lower part of an eel's body. 

They are made of the best spring steel, as light as possible consistent 
with strength, with four, five, or six tines, either plain or strap ferruled, 
Figs. 433 and 434 showing the plain ferrule, and Fig. 432 the strap ferrule. 

They are all made with short "D" handles, or with long, straight 
handles. 



238 



Fig. 438. Digging Forks. Fig. 439. 



These are made with four, five, and six tines, and heavily strapped up 
the handles. 

The tines are flat on the face and ribbed at the back, and thus made 
much stronger than the usual style. 



239 



SHOYELS AND SPADES. 



The cuts which we give below, although taken from our stock of Ames' 
goods, represent also those of the Old Colony, Rowland, and other works. 
It would be well, therefore, to specify, in ordering, what particular brand 
is desired, and if there be no choice the selection may be left to our dis- 
cretion. The latter method we prefer, as it occasionally saves delay in 
executing our friends' orders, should any particular brand be temporarily 
out of the market. 




Fig. 442. Fig. 443. 



Fig. 444. 



Fig. 445. 



Figs. 442 and 443. — Steel-edge Rouxd-point Suovels. 

Six sizes made with D handles, and four with long handles, as shown 
by the cuts. 

The handle in Fig. 443 is reduced for the convenience of our Catalogue. 
It is in reality four and a half feet long, the D handle in Fig. 442 being 
about two and a quarter feet. 



240 



Figs. 444 and 445. — Back-Strapped Cast-Steel Round-Point Shovel. 

These are stronger than the shovels in ordinary use, of cast steel 
throughout and highly polished. Three sizes are made. 

Fig. 445 is identical with Fig. 444 in form, except in having the new pat- 
ent handle, which is by many thought superior to the ordinary D handle. 






Fig. 446. 



Fio. 447. 



Fig. 448. 



Fig. 449. 



Fig. 446. — Back-Strapped Shovel, with Patent Handle and 
Square Point. 

Similar in all respects to Fig. 445, except in the shape of the point. 
Nine sizes are made of this style. 



Fig. 447. — Boys' Cast-Steel Shovel. 

Of one size, similar in pattern and quality to Figs. 446 and 448, but 
with the ordinary D handle. 



242 




Fig. 453. — Post Scoop or Spoon. 

For raising earth from a post-hole or other similar excavation. It is of 
wrought iron, with a steel edge, made of four sizes — four, six, eight, and 
ten inches in diameter. 



SPADES. 

Our stock of Spades is made in the same variety of styles and qualities 
as our Shovels, and if any particular pattern does not appear on our list, 
we can make it to order on receipt of the necessary specifications. 



Ih 



Fig. 454. 



Fig. 455. 



Fig. 456. 



Fig. 454. — Boys' or Ladies' Garden Spadb. 
Very light, and intended only for the lightest work. 



246 




Fig. 468. — Sckew AVkencii. 

These are of seven sizes— six, eight, ten, twelve, fifteen, eighteen, and 
twenty-one inches in length— and of two styles, plain black and highly 
polished. 




Fig. 409. — Pipe Wkencii. 

This is a patented Wrench for the use of Plumbers, Gasfitters, and 
Machinists. 

Three sizes are made — twelve, eighteen, and twenty -four inches in length. 




Fig. 470. — Box Chisel. 

Of wrought iron, with a steel point, for opening boxes and packing 
cases. Different sizes are made, varying from six to twenty-four inches 
in length. 




Fig. 471. — Brand. 

This is very convenient for branding tools or implements. 

The head or framework is made to receive metal letters, which can be 
furnished to order, and when heated is pressed against the article to be 
branded. 

We have two sizes of this article. 

The usual sizes of lettering are quarter and half inch, though others can 
be used. ' ^ 



247 




For loading, unloading, and mov- 
ing bales, boxes, and packages of 
all kinds. 

We have various sizes and styles, 
all made of steel, with heavy wooden 
handles. 



Fig. 472.^-Box ok Bale Hook. 



HOES. 







Fig. 473. 



Fig. 474. 



Fig. 475. 



Fig. 470. 



Fig. 473.— Garden ok Field Hoe. 

This is the ordinary steel Hoe for general use in the Garden or Field. 
It is made of steel, and of three sizes— Nos. 1, 2. and 3. 



Fig. 474. — Bog Hoe. 

For Bogs, and Peat or Muck Swamps. This is a heavy steel Hoe, made 
of^feveral sizes. . 



248 



Fig. 475. — Dutch, or Shovel Hoe. 

Used for weeding and stirring the earth in Garden-walks, Carriage- 
roads, etc. It is pushed before the operator. 

We have two patterns — one of solid steel, six, seven, eight, ten, and 
twelve inches wide, and one with a steel blade riveted to the iron shank, 
cheaper and not so strong as the first. This is six, seven, eight, nine, 
and ten inches wide. 




477. — Pointed Garden Hoe. 



This is a light Garden Hoe combined with the Bayonet Hoe. 
It is very useful in weeding among rows of small vegetables, flower- 
beds, etc. But one size is made. 





Fig. 478. 



Fio. 479. 





Fig. 480. 



Fig. (SI 



Figs. 476, 478, 479, 480, and 481.— Planters' Hoes. 

These are of steel, made of six different sizes and pattern^, and much 
heavier than the common Field Hoe. They are used for Cotton, Corn, 
Sugar-cane, etc., etc., in our Southern States. 



250 



BAKES. 




Fig. 487. — Garden Hoe Rake. 

This implement unites the Weeding Hoe and Garden Rake, and for light 
work is very convenient. 

It is of wrought iron and steel, and made with from three to six teeth, 
as may be desired. 




Fig. 488. — Floral Hoe Rake.. 

This is the ordinary Hoe Rake described above, with a short handle for 
use with one hand. It is particularly intended for ladies' use. 




Fig. 489. Potato Hooks. Fig. 490. 

These are made with four, five, and six teeth, of steel and of wrought 



They are used for digging Potatoes, and for loosening the soil between 
rows in the garden. 



251 




Fig. 491. — Garden Rake. 

These vary in the length and strength of their teeth, as well as in their 
number. They are used for covering seed, raking off weeds or cut grass, 
smoothing and pulverizing garden-beds, etc. 

They are made with from six to eighteen teeth, of cast-steel, wrought 
iron, and malleable iron. 




Fig. 492. 



Grass Lawn Rake. 

This Rake has steel teeth, sharpened on both 
edges, and is used for raking the grass in order to 
tear off the flower-heads or buds of daisies, dandelions, 
and other plants in grass lawns. Three sizes are 
made, with eighteen, twenty, and twenty-two teeth. 




Fig. 493. — Flower Sticks. 

These are of hard wood, handsomely turned and painted. 

Five sizes are made — two, three, four, five, and six feet in length. 



252 



PEUNII^G TOOLS, SHEARS, ETC. 




Fig. 497. — Pkuning Saw and Chisel. 

The blade of the Saw is twelve inches long, attached to the blade of the 
Chi.sel at one end, and to the socket of the chisel-handle at the other end. 
The Chisel is three inches wide by three and a half inches long, made thin, 
and of the best cast steel. A wooden handle, of convenient length, is 
inserted in the socket-handle, enabling a person to stand on the ground 
and trim his trees. Only one size is made. 




Fig. 498.— Tree Sckapeu. 



Fig. 499. — Grafting' Chisel. 



Fig. 498.— Tree Scraper. 

This is made of heavy plate steel, with a long jointed handle for scrap- 
ing upper branches, or a short one for the trunks. 
We have only one size. 



Fig. 499. — Grafting Chisel. 

This the most approved form of Grafting Chisel. The wide knife is for 
splitting the stock, while the pointed end is used to open it to receive the 
grafts. We have but one size. 



263 





Fig. 500. — Vine Scissors. 



Fig. 501. — Flowek Gatherer. 



Fig. 500. — Vine Scissors. 

These are for thinning out grapes when they have grown too closely on 
the bunch ; also for removing superfluous leaves, twigs, etc. 
Three sizes are made — five, six, and seven inches long. 



Fig. 501. — Flower Gatherer. 

This is a pair of Scissors combining Tweezers or Pincers. They are of 
great advantage in gathering roses and other flowers which have thorny 
stems, as the flower cut by the Scissors is held fast by that part which 
acts as Pincers. 




Fig. 502. Pruning Scissors. Fig. 503. 

Fig. 502 is v?ry handsomely made with sliding centre and spring, and is 
fitted with sheaths. These Scissors cut as smoothly as a pruning knife, 
and are especially adapted for ladies' use for pruning roses, etc. 

Two sizes are made, six and eight inches long. 

Fig. 503 is designed for pruning small twigs, cutting flowers, etc., and 
is a very useful article for ladies. 

Three sizes are made, five, six and eight inches long. 





Fig. 504. 



^VIss Shears. 



Fig. 505. 



These are very efficient instruments, and leave the branch which has 
been cut as smooth as if a knife had been-used. They arc for light work 
only, as they will not cut branches of greater diameter than one inch. 

Five sizes are made. 



254 




Fig. 506. — Wooding's Sheaks. 



This pattern of Shears is 
similar, in many respects, 
to those shown on the pre- 
ceding page, but is made 
only of one size. 

It is a strong and useful 
article. 




Fig. 507. 
Ladies' Pruning Shears. 



■ Fig. 508. 
Ladies' Garden Shears. 



Fig. 507. — Ladies' Pruning Shears. 

I 
These are handsomely and lightly made," and very useful in trimming 
shrubbery, etc., which is too large to be cut by the hand shears. 
There are two sizes of this style. 



Fig. 508. — Ladies' Garden Shears. 

Fig. 508 is small, light, and neatly finished, and is very useful for 
trimming trees and bushes, as well as for many other purposes. 
The blades are five inches in length. 




Grass-Edging or Border Shears. 

Fig. 509 is chiefly used for trim- 
ming the sides of box and grass 
edgings, and made quite long, so 
that the operator may stand upright 

while usins it. 
Fig. 509. ^ 

J^ our sizes are made, with blades 
eight, nine, ten. and twelve inches long, and all are made with and without 
the wheel. 



255 




This instrument dif- 
fers from the Lopping 
or Branch Shears, in 
having a movable cen- 
tre for the motion of 
one of the blades, by 
which means, instead 
of a crushing cut, it 
makes a draw cut, leav- 
ing the section of the part attached to the tree or shrub smooth as if cut 
with a knife. It is also much lighter than the Lopping Shears. 
Three sizes are made of this pattern. 



Sliding Pruning Shears. 




This is very strong- 
ly made, with long 
wooden handles, and is 
used for cutting thick 
branches from trees, 
shrubbery, hedges, etc. 

Three sizes are made. 



Pig. 51L — Lopping or Branch Shears. 




Fig. 512. — Garden or Hedge Shears. 



A represents this ar- 
ticle without the Prun- 
ing Notch. B has the 
Pruning Notch, which 
is of advantage when 
used for trimming 
hedges or shrubbery, 
as it enables the ope- 
rator to cut much larg- 
er Iwigs than could 
be cut by the plain 
shears. Four sizes are 
made, with blades eight, 
nine, ten, and twelve 
inches long. 



256 




These Shears are attached 
to a pole, and operated by 
means of a lever moved by 
a cord and pulley. It en- 
ables a person standing on 
the ground to prune trees 
some of the branches of 
vphich could not, perhaps, 
be as well pruned by any 
other instrument. 

Branches of one inch and 
a half in diameter may be 
easily cut off with this in- 
strument. 



Fig. 514. — Pole Pruning Shears. 




Fig. 515. — Pruning Knife. 

This is made in two styles — one, as shown in the cut, having the blade 
fixed fast in the handle and protected by a sheath ; the other with a blade 
that shuts as in the ordinary pocket-knife. Both are very strong. 



Fig. 516. — Budding Knife. 

This is one of several forms of Pocket-knives for Budding, the points 
of the blades being rounded on one or on both sides, and the handle ter- 
minating in a flattened ivory lifter, with which the bark is loosened and 
raised after being cut to receive the bud. 

In some patterns, the handle is all of ivory, properly shaped at the end 
to effect the desired object. 



Fig. 517. — Fruit Knife. 

A light yet strong pocket-knife for pruning and general use by a gar- 
dener or nurseryman. 



257 




Fig. 518. — Pruning Saws. 

Pruning Saws are of various styles, but our cuts represent the usual 
artd best patterns. 

They are made of several sizes, from fourteen to twenty-four inches 
long, though the ordinary sizes are eighteen and twenty inches. 



BUSH HOOKS. 




Fig. 519. — Long-handle Bush Hook. 




Fig. 520,— SnouT-HANDLE Bush Hook. 



These are strong and useful instruments for cutting brush or brambles 
about fences, or in clearing the underbrush from woods. 

They are made with long or with short handles, as shown by the cuts, 
though we have but a single size of each. 



258 




Fig. 522. — Brier or Bill Hook, Westmoreland Pattern. 

These are of various forms, though the one represented here is the kind 
most approved. They are used with either long or short handles, as cir- 
cumstances may require, and are very useful for trimming hedges, cutting 
brush, brambles, etc. We have three sizes. 

The Yorkshire Bill Hook resembles the above, but is somewhat larger 
and heavily strapped with iron on the handle. 



GAEDE^ TOOLS. 




Fic. 523. 
We have two patterns — light and heavy 



Grass-Edging Knife. 

This is fitted to a straight handle, 
and used for paring the edges of grass 
borders, walks, etc. ; also for cutting" 
the outlines of sods, which may then 
be readily raised by the spade. 

Three sizes are made, with blades 
eight, nine, and ten inches long. 




Garden Reel and Line. 

This is made of two sizes, differ- 
ing in weight only, for use in laying 
out walks and beds in gardens. 

The lines are sixty and one hun- 
dred and twenty feet in length, as 
may be ordered. 



Fig. 524. 



259 




525. — Gakden Tkowei,. 
Six sizes are made, of from five to ten inches long. 



This is used to plant, or 
take up for re-planting, plants, 
roots, etc., as well as for stir- 
ring the soil among tender 
p.ants in confined situations, 
and loosening the roots. 




Fruit Gatherers. 

These are small bags at- 
tached to light iron frames, 
at each end of which are 
small knives for cutting 
the stems of the fruit. 



Fig. 526. 




-Grain Sickle, 



Fig. 528.— Grass Hook. 



Sickles for cutting grain are of six sizes. 

Grass Hooks, for trimming grass borders and for cutting grass near trees 
or fences, when the lawn mower or scythe cannot be used, are made of 
six sizes. 

We have also the Lenniker Grass Hook, of several sizes, but lighter 
than the English pattern which our cut represents. 



263 




Fig. 544. — Cattle Leader, 



Fig. 545. — Bull Ring. 



Fig. 544. — Cattle Leader. 

This is made of two sizes, and is intended for leading bulls or any 
cattle by the nose. 

Fig. 545. — Bull Ring. 

Bull Rings are made of two, two and a half, and three inches in diam- 
eter, and of steel and of copper. The copper rings are made both heavy 
and light. 





Fig. 546.— Card. 



Fig. 547.— Bow Pin. 



Fig. 546. — Cards. 

Our Horse and Cattle Cards are made of the best coppered wire. 
The former are eight and a quarter by four inches ; the latter, five and 
three quarters by four inches. 



Fig. 547.— Bow Pin. 

We have two sizes of these — No. 1, for one and three quarter inch bows, 
and No. 2 for two-inch bows. 



264 





Fig. 548. 



Ox Balls. 



Fig. 549. 



These are of solid brass, made in five sizes, of an octagon shape or 
round. 

We have also Wrenches for putting these on. 




Fig. 550.— No. 00. Fig. 551.— No. 22. 



Fig. 552.— No. 44. 



Fig. 553.— No, 160, 



Figs. 550, 551, 552, and 553. — Curry-Combs. 

No. 00 is a light and very cheap instrument of iron. 
No. 22 is a heavy and more expensive comb. 

No. 38 is the same as No. 22, tinned to prevent rust, and, consequently, 
somewhat more expensive. 

No. 44 is the same as No. 22, with a solid back. 
No. 66 is the same as No. 44, tinned to prevent rust. 
No. 160 is the heavy English plain Curry-Comb. 



Books for Farmers and Others. 



Allen's Large Catalogue $1 00 

" " Cloth 1 25 

" Farmer's Catalogue 2 50 

Allen's (L. F.^ Rural Architecture 1 50 

Allen's (li. F.) American Cattle 2 50 

Allen's (R. I-.) American Farm Book 1 50 

Allen's (R. L.) Diseases of Domestic Animals 1 00 

American Agricultural Annual, 1867 75 

" " " paper 50 

American Horticultural Annual, 1867 75 

" " " paper 50 

American Bird Fancier 30 

American Pomology, by Dr. J. A. Warder 8 00 

American Rose Culturist 30 

American Weeds and Useful Plants 1 75 

Architecture, by Cummings and Miller 10 00 

Art of Saw-Filing (Holly) 75 

Barry's Fruit Garden 1 75 

Bement's Rabbit Fancier 30 

Bement'a Poulterer's Companion 2 00 

Bommer's Method of Making Manures 25 

Boussingault's Rural Economy 1 60 

Break's New Book of Flowers 1 75 

Bridgeman's Young Gardener's Assistant 2 50 

Brandt's Age of Horses (English or German) 50 

Buist's Flower-Garden Directory 1 50 

Buist's Family Kitchen Gardener 1 00 

Burr's Vegetables of America 5 00 

Carpenter's and Joiner's Hand Book (Holly) 75 

Chorlton's Grape-Grower's Guide 75 

Cobbett's American Gardener 75 

Cole's (S. W.) American Fruit Book 75 

Cole's Veterinarian 75 

Cotton Planter's Manual (Turner) 1 50 

Cotton Culture, by J. B. Lyman 1 50 

Country Life, by R. M. Copeland 5 00 

Dadd's (Geo. H.) Modern Horse Doctor 1 50 

Dadd's American Cattle Doctor 1 50 

Dana's Muck Manual 1 25 

Dead Shot; or. Sportsman's Complete Guide. En- 
gravings from Frank Forester 1 75 

Dog and Gun (Hooper's) 60 

" " " paper 80 

Downing's Cottage Residences 8 00 

Downing's Fruits and Fruit Trees of America 3 00 

Downing's Rural Essays 5 00 

Downing's Landscape Gardening 6 50 

Draining for Profit and Health, G. E. Waring, Jr. 1 50 

Eastwood on Cranberry 75 

Elliott's Western Fruit-Grower's Guide . 1 50 

Evergreens. J. Hooper. In preparation. 

Field's (Thomas W.) Pear Culture 1 25 

Flax Culture 50 

Flint (Chas. L.) on Grasses 2 50 

Flint's Milcli Cows and Dairy Farming 2 50 

Frank Forester's Horse and Horsemanship, Svo, 

gilt backs, 2 vols 20 00 

Frank Forester's Field Sports, Svo, tinted paper, 

gilt backs, 2 vols 7 50 

Frank Forester's Fish and Fishing, Svo, gilt back, 

100 engravings 5 50 

Frank Forester's Complete Manual for Young 

Sportsmen, crown Svo, gilt back 3 00 

French's Farm Drainage 1 50 

Fuller's Grape Culturist 1 50 

Fuller's Small Fruit Culturist 1 50 

Fuller's Strawberry Culturist 20 

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist 1 50 

Gardening for Profit, by Peter Henderson 1 50 

Grape Vine, by Prof. F. Mohr 1 00 

Gray's How Plants Grow 1 25 

Gray's Manual of Botany, and Lessons, in 1 vol.,. 4 00 

Gregory on Squashes (paper) 30 

Gueuon on Milch Cows ", 75 



Harazthy's Grape Culture and Wine Making $5 00 

Harris's Insects Injurious to Vegetation,. . . plain, 4 00 

Hatfield's American House Carpenter 3 50 

Herbert's Hints to Horsekeepers 1 75 

Hop Culture 40 

Husmann's Grapes and Wine 1 50 

Jennings's Horse Training Made Easy 1 25 

Jennings on Cattle 1 75 

Jennings on Sheep, Swine, and Poultry 1 75 

Jennings on the Horse and bis Diseases 1 75 

Johnson's (Prof. S. W.) Essays on Manures 1 25 

Johnston's Agricultural Chemistry 1 75 

Johnston's Elements of Agricultural Chemistry.. 1 50 

Langstroth on the Honey Bee 2 00 

Leuchar's How to Build Hot-houses 1 50 

Mayhew's Illustrated Horse Doctor 3 50 

Mayhew's Illustrated Horse Management 3 50 

Mayhew's Practical Bookkeeping for Farmer's.. . . 90 
Blanks for do. do. do. ... 1 20 

McMahon's American Gtrdener 2 50 

Miles on the Horse's Foot 75 

Morrell's American Shepherd 1 75 

My Farm of Edgewood 1 75 

My Vineyard at Lakeview 1 25 

Norton's Scientific Agriculture 75 

Onion Culture 20 

Our Farm of Four Acres 60 

" " paper 30 

Parkman's Book of Roses 8 00 

Parson's on the Rose 1 50 

Pardee on Strawberi'y Culture 75 

Peat and its Uses, by Prof. S. W. Johnson 1 25 

Pedder's Land Measurer 60 

Practical and Scientific Gardening. W. N. White, 

Quinby's Mysteries of Bee-keeping 1 50 

Quincy (Hon. Josiah) on Soiling Cattle 1 25 

Randall's Sheep Husbandry 1 50 

Randall's Fine- Wool Sheep Husbandry 1 00 

Rand's Bulb's 8 00 

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden 8 00 

Rand's Garden Flowers 3 00 

Register on Rural Affairs, (bound,) 4 Vols., each.. 1 50 

Richardson on the Dog 60 

" " paper 30 

Rivers' Miniature Fruit G arden 1 00 

Rural Annual, b.v Joseph Harris 25 

Rural Annual, (Harris,) 8 Nos. bound, 2 vols., each 1 50 

Rural Studies 1 75 

Saunders's Domestic Poultry 75 

" " " paper 40 

Schenck's Gardener's Te-xt Book 75 

Scribner's Ready Reckoner and Log Book 30 

Silloway's Modern Carpentry 2 00 

Skillful Housewife 75 

Stewart's (John) Stable Book 1 50 

Strong's Grape Culture 3 00 

Ten Acres Enough 1 50 

The Dog. By Dinks, Mayhew, and Hutchinson. 

Edited by Frank Forester, Crown Svo 8 00 

Thompson's Food of Animals 1 00 

Tobacco Culture 25 

Todd's (S. E.l Young Farmer's Manual 1 50 

Tucker's Register of Rural Affairs 80 

Vau.x's Villas and Cottages , 8 00 

AVatson's American Home Garden 2 00 

Woodward's Annual, 1867 papei", 75c., cloth, 1 00 

Woodward's Country Homes 1 50 

Woodward's Graperies, etc 1 50 

Warder's Hedges and Evergreens 1 50 

Youatt and Spooner on the Horse 1 50 

Youatt and Martin on Cattle 1 50 

Youatt on the Hog 1 00 

Youatt on Sheep 1 00 

Youman's Household Science 3 25 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

I iiiiii uiii mil mil mil mil iiiii mil iiiii iiiii iiiii iiii iiii 






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000 938 295 1 % 




